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Echinanthera cyanopleura COPE, 1885

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae, Echinantherini), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cobrinha-Cipó, Corredeira-Grande-do-Mato, Papa-Rã 
SynonymAporophis cyanopleurus COPE 1885: 191
Echinanthera cyanopleura
Dromicus melanostigma — BOULENGER 1885
Liophis melanostigma — BOULENGER 1894
Leimadophis melanostigma — AMARAL 1930
Dromicus melanostigmus — LEMA 1980
Echinanthera cyanopleura — GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002
Echinanthera cyanopleura — WALLACH et al. 2014: 253
Echinanthera cyanopleura — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Espirito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina),
Argentina (Misiones)

Type locality: Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ANSP 11198-99 (2) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Echinanthera can be recognized by (1) usually eight supralabials, with 2nd–3rd or 2nd only touching the loreal and 3rd–5th touching the orbit; (2) 17/17/17 dorsal scale rows usually with one or two apical pits; (3) middorsal pattern composed by an undulating dark-brown stripe (vestigial in E. cephalostriata, E. cyanopleura and E. melanostigma); (4) midventral portion with transverse bands at the base of the ventral scales, especially observable in adults; (5) hemipenis unilobed, unicalyculate and semicapitate, with an asulcate interspinal gap extending from the distal to the proximal region of the organ; in its distal end, it terminates in a homogeneous group of small to medium-sized papillae; (6) dorsolateral crests of the parietal bone inconspicuous in the region close to the contact with supraoccipital; (7) parabasisphenoid lateral crests conspicuous; (8) large number of maxillary (24–35), palatine (19–21), pterygoid (30–37) and dentary teeth (34–40) (Figures 4A–E, 5L–O, 7D, 8B–E and Table 1).” (Abegg et al. 2022) 
CommentType species: Aporophis cyanopleurus COPE 1885: 191 is the type species of the genus Echinanthera COPE 1894.

Type genus: Echinanthera COPE 1894 is the type genus of the tribus Echinantherini which contains Adelphostigma, Amnisiophis, Dibernardia, Echinanthera, Sordellina, and Taeniophallus, fide Abegg et al. 2022. For a comparison of morphological characters of these genera see Abegg et al. 2022: 10 (Table 1). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek kyanos = blue, and Greek pleura = side, ribs. 
References
  • Abegg AD, Santos AP Jr, Costa HC, Battilana J, Graboski R, Vianna FSL, Azevedo WS, Fagundes NJR, Castille CM, Prado PC, Bonatto SL, Zaher H and Grazziotin FG 2022. Increasing taxon sampling suggests a complete taxonomic rearrangement in Echinantherini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Front. Ecol. Evol. 10:969263 - get paper here
  • Abegg, A. D., Gomes, C. A., Entiauspe-Neto, O. M., & Passos, P. 2020. Does a Defensive Pseudoautotomy Mechanism Exist in the Subfamily Xenodontinae? A Study of the Genus Echinanthera. South American Journal of Herpetology 18 (1): 24-32 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. Twelfth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 167-194 [1884] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1894. The classification of snakes. The American Naturalist 28 (334): 831–844 - get paper here
  • Di Bernardo,M. 1992. Revalidation of the gênero Rhadinaea Copegenus Echinanthera COPE 1894 and its conceptual amplification (Serpentes, Colubridae). Comun. Mus. Ciênc. PUCRS, sér. zool., Porto Alegre 5 (13): 225-256
  • Dixo, M. and Verdade, V.K. 2006. Leaf litter herpetofauna of the Reserva Florestal de Morro Grande, Cotia (SP). [in Portuguese] Biota Neotropica 6 (2): 1-20 - get paper here
  • FORLANI, M.C., BERNARDO, P.H., HADDAD, C.B.F. & ZAHER, H. 2010. Herpetofauna of the Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (3): 265-309 - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Giraudo, A. R., and G. J. Scrocchi 2002. Argentinian Snakes: An Annotated Checklist. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (132): 1-53 - get paper here
  • Giraudo,A.R., Couturier,G.A. & Di Bernardo,M. 1996. Echinanthera cyanopleura (COPE 1885), a new record for the ophidiofauna of Argentina (Serpentes, Colubridae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 10 (1-2): 72 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Kunz, Tobias Saraiva;<br>Ivo Rohling Ghizoni-Jr.,<br>Walter Luis Alves dos Santos & Paulo Afonso Hartmann 2007. Nota sobre a coleção herpetológica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Biotemas, 20 (3): 127-132 - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Renato Silveira Bérnils, Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite 2017. RÉPTEIS DE CURITIBA: COLETÂNEA DE REGISTROS Hori Consultoria, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, 99 pp.
  • Moura, M.R., Costa, H.C., Abegg, A.D., Alaminos, E., Angarita-Sierra, T., Azevedo, W.S., Cabral, H., Carvalho, P., Cechin, S., Citeli, N., Dourado, A.C.M., Duarte, A.F.V., França, F.G.R., Freire, E.M.X., Garcia, P.C.A., Mol, R., Montero, R., Moraes-d 2022. Unwrapping broken tails: Biological and environmental correlates of predation pressure in limbless reptiles. Journal of Animal Ecology. 92(2):324–337 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Souza Filho, Gilberto Alves de; Fernanda Stender de Oliveira 2015. Squamate reptiles from Mauá Hydroelectric Power Plant, state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Check List 11 (6): 1800 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
  • ZANELLA, N., PAULA, A., GUARAGNI, S.A. & MACHADO, L.S. 2013. Herpetofauna of the Parque Natural Municipal de Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 13(4): 290-299 - get paper here
 
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