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Eirenis collaris (MÉNÉTRIES, 1832)

IUCN Red List - Eirenis collaris - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesEirenis collaris macrospilotus (WERNER 1903)
Eirenis collaris collaris (MÉNÉTRIÉS 1832) 
Common NamesE: Collared Dwarf Racer
G: Halsband-Zwergnatter
Russian: Ошейниковый эйренис 
SynonymColuber collaris MÉNÉTRIES 1832: 67
Coronella collaris — BERTHOLD in WAGNER 1850 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Eirenis collaris — DE FILIPPI 1865
Eirenis collaris — JAN 1866
Ablabes collaris — STRAUCH 1873: 41
Cyclophis collaris — BLANFORD 1876
Contia collaris — BOULENGER 1894: 260
Eirenis rothi — MARX & REED 1959
Eirenis (Collaria) collaris — DOTSENKO 1989
Eirenis (Pediophis) collaris — NAGY et al. 2004
Eirenis collaris — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Eirenis collaris — SZCZERBAK 2003
Eirenis collaris — WALLACH et al. 2014: 257

Eirenis collaris macrospilotus (WERNER 1903)
Contia collaris var. macrospilota WERNER 1903: 381
Eirenis collaris macrospilotus — DAREVSKY & BAKRADZE 1982
Eirenis collaris macrospilotus — MAHLOW et al. 2013 
DistributionBulgaria, E Turkey (Adiyaman Province etc.), Iraq, W Iran, former S USSR (between Black and Caspian Seas), Lebanon,
Dagestan (S Russia), SE Republic of Georgia, S Armenia, Azerbaijan

macrospilotus: Turkey. Type locality: “Russisch-Armenien”, restricted to “Mount Takjaltu in the vicinity of Kasikoporan, a village 20 km WSW of Tuzluca, Vilayet Kars, Turkey” by Eiselt (1982) in DAREVSKY & BAKRADZE 1982.

Type locality: Bechebermak, near Caspian Sea.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype ZISP 1546 (fide Tuniev et al. 2009).
Holotype: lost, was ZSM 1926/0 (lost), female, from "Russisch-Armenien", collected by M. Korb, 1901 [macrospilotus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dorsal scales in 15 rows at midbody; internasal suture usually distinctly shorter than prefrontal suture; males with less than 180 ventrals, females with less than 200; dorsum uniform, unpatterned; collar dlstmct, extends over sides of neck onto throat, ends separated by 3-5 gulars; parietal bar broken into a spot or smudge on each parietal shield, not extending onto upper labials; no dark spot in center of rostral scute. (Leviton et al. 1992) 
CommentSynonymy: Maybe synonymous to E. rothi. More extended synonymy in BOULENGER 1894. SCHMIDTLER & SCHMIDTLER (1978) state that all reports of C. collaris from Turkey actually refer to other species (eiselti, rothi, modestus, punctatolineatus). However, the species was later confirmed from Turkey by FRANZEN et al. (1989) and others.

Subspecies: According to Darevsky & Bakradze (1982) and the original description Werner’s subspecies differs from the nominate subspecies in having a longitudinal row of approximately 25–34 dark black-brownish dorsal spots, which are indistinct in the posterior body, and furthermore an indistinct longitudinal lateral row of black spots. The posterior most part of the body is patternless.

Distribution: For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. 
EtymologyThe species is named after the Latin word collaris meaning collar (Lemos-Espinal & Dixon 2013). 
References
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
  • Baran, I., Y. Kumlutas, C Ilgaz, O. Türkozan & A. Avci 2004. New locality records extended the distribution of some ophidians in southeastern Anatolia. Russ. J. Herpetol. 11 (1): 6-9 - get paper here
  • Baran,I. 1978. Some rare species of snakes from Turkey. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums, Wien 81 [1977]: 261-265 - get paper here
  • Bedriaga, J. von. 1882. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Griechenlands. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 56 (2): 242-310; (3) 43-103, (4) 278-344 [published in 3 parts] - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1892. Kriechthiere der Kaukasusländer, gesammelt durch die Radde-Valentin’sche Expedition nach dem Karabagh und durch die Herren Dr. J. Valentin un P. Reibisch. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1892: 131-150 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Darevsky, I. S. and Bakradze, M. A. 1982. The taxonomic status of Contia collaris var. macrospilota Werner 1903 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Amphibia-Reptilia 3: 283-287 - get paper here
  • Dotsenko I B 1989. A review of the genus Eirenis (Reptilia, Colubridae). [in Russian]. Vest. zool. 5: 23-29
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  • Hraoui-Bloquet, S.; Sadek, R.A.; Sindaco, R. & Venchi, A. 2002. The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35-46 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. 2 (2): 213-330 [1862] - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1866. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 15. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • KUMLUTAS, Y.;MEHMET ÖZ, M. RIZVAN TUNÇ, YAKUP KASKA, ADEM ÖZDEMIR & SERDAR DÜSEN 2004. On snake species of the Western Taurus range, Turkey. Nat. Croat. 13 (1): 19-33
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  • Mazanaeva, Liudmila; Zulfiya Ismaulova 2019. New Data on Habitats and Distribution of the Collared Dwarf Racer, Eirenis collaris (Ménétries, 1832) in Dagestan. Russ. J. Herpetol. 26 (3): 150-158 - get paper here
  • Ménétries, E. 1832. Catalogue raisonné des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au caucase et jusqu’aux frontières actuelles de la Perse. L’Académie Impériale des Sciences, St. -Pétersbourg - get paper here
  • Nagy, Z.T., J.F. Schmidtler, U. Joger & M. Wink 2003. Systematik der Zwergnattern (Reptilia: Colubridae: Eirenis) und verwandter Gruppen anhand von DNA-Sequenzen und morphologischen Daten. Salamandra 39 (3-4): 149-168 - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, M. 2018. Snakes of Iran. [in Farsi] Tehran: Iranshenasi, 496 pp. [2017 ?] - get paper here
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  • Sadeghi, Najmeh; Mehdi Rajabizadeh, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani and Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2014. Updated distribution of Eirenis collaris (Ménétriés, 1832) (Serpentes; Colubridae) in Iran. Herpetology Notes 7: 245-246 - get paper here
  • Sadeghi, Najmeh; Nasrullah Rastegar, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani 2014. Sexual Size Dimorphism in Eirenis collaris Ménétriés 1832 from Iran. Russ. J. Herpetol. 21 (4): 291-294
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