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Elaphe schrenckii STRAUCH, 1873

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Amur Ratsnakes, Siberian Ratsnake
G: Amurnatter
Russian: Амурский полоз
Chinese: 棕黑锦蛇 
SynonymElaphis Schrencki STRAUCH 1873
Coluber schrenkii — BOULENGER 1894: 48
Coluber virgatus BOETTGER 1898: 51 (fide STEJNEGER 1907)
Elaphe schrenckii — STEJNEGER 1907: 313
Elaphe schrenckii schrenckii POPE 1935
Elaphe schrencki — SCHULZ 1996: 235
Elaphe schrenckii — UTIGER et al. 2002
Elaphe schrenki — BURBRINK & LAWSON 2007 (in error)
Elaphe shrenki — BURBRINK & LAWSON 2007 (in error)
Elaphe schrenckii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 263
Elaphe schrenckii — MACIAS et al. 2021 
DistributionRussia (Amur River Basin of Siberia, Primorskiy Territory),
Korea, N/C China (Jehol, Hopei, Shansi), E Mongolia

Type locality: Russia: Hinggan Mountains, Strauch, 1873  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZISP (ZIL) 3706 (orig. 415), a 1950 mm specimen (L. von Schrenck, 1856), designated by Maki, 1931a: 101. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3122 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHybridization: Elaphe schrenckii may interbreed with Elaphe climacophora and produce fertile offspring, which appears to resemble Elaphe taeniura (Claudia Holzhammer, pers. comm). Treu (2008) reports hybridization between E. schrenckii and Zamenis longissimus although it is not known whether the offspring is fertile.

Elaphe schrenckii anomala BOULENGER 1916 has been elevated to valid species status.

Habitat: semi-arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Leopold von Schrenck (1826-1894), Russian Naturalist. 
References
  • Adnagulov E.V. 2016. On the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Evreiskaya Autonomous Oblast' (Russia). [in Russian] Current Studies in Herpetology, 16(3/4): 87–106 - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, NB, Orlov NL; Khalikov RG; Darevsky IS; Ryabov IS & Barabanov AV 2006. The Reptiles of North Eurasia. Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status [this comprises the territory of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia]. Pensoft Series Faunistica 47, 250 pp.
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Beusichem, Richard van 1999. Succesful breeding of the Russian rat snake (Elaphe schrencki schrencki). Litteratura Serpentium 19 (3): 75-77 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1898. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt/M. 2.Teil (Schlangen). [type catalogue] Frankfurt/M (Gebr. Knauer), i-ix + 1-160. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. A list of the reptiles and batrachians of Amoorland [Russia]. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 5: 137-144 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Cho, Hanna; Jaejin Park, Woojin Choi, Richard P. J. H. Struijk, Daesik Park 2018. Multiple Paternity in the Endangered Amur Ratsnake (Elaphe schrenckii). Russ. J. Herpetol. 25 (1): 61-70 - get paper here
  • Dunaev E.A., Orlova V.F. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles of Russia. Atlas and determination. 2nd. ed. Moscow: Phyton XXI, 328 p
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Helfenberger, Notker 2001. Phylogenetic relationship of Old World Ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology, and allozyme variation. Russ. J. Herpetol. (Suppl.): 1-56 - get paper here
  • Jongh, J. de 1989. Breeding results: Elaphe schrenckii. Litteratura Serpentium 9 (6): 274 - get paper here
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  • Langeveld, C.M. (Koert) 1994. The captive care and breeding of the Amur ratsnake, Elaphe schrencki schrencki (Strauch 1873) and the Southern Amur ratsnake, Elaphe schrencki anomala (Boulenger 1916). Litteratura Serpentium 14 (5): 134-141 - get paper here
  • LEE, Jung-Hyun; Daesik PARK 2011. Spatial Ecology of Translocated and Resident Amur Ratsnakes (Elaphe schrenckii) in Two Mountain Valleys of South Korea. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (4): 223–229 - get paper here
  • Lee, Jung-Hyun; Daesik Park, and Ha-Cheol Sung 2012. Large-Scale Habitat Association Modeling of the Endangered Korean Ratsnake (Elaphe schrenckii). Zoological Science 29 (5): 281-285. - get paper here
  • Lenk, P.; Joger, U. & Wink, M. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among European ratsnakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger based on mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Amphibia-Reptilia 22 (3): 329-339 - get paper here
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  • Macias, D., Shin, Y., & Borzée, A. 2021. An update on the conservation status and ecology of Korean terrestrial squamates. Journal for Nature Conservation, 125971 - get paper here
  • Park D, Kim I-H, Park I-K, Grajal-Puche A, Park J 2022. A comparison of gene organisations and phylogenetic relationships of all 22 squamate species listed in South Korea using complete mitochondrial DNA. ZooKeys 1129: 21-35 - get paper here
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  • REIFF, G. 2013. Zum Schlupf albinotischer Jungtiere bei Amurnattern, Elaphe schrenckii Strauch, 1873. Sauria 35 (3): 61-62 - get paper here
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  • Struijk, Richard R. J. H.; Rémon ter Harmsel, Daesik Park 2020. Reproduction in an Introduced Population of Elaphe schrenckii (Strauch, 1873) in Eelde, the Netherlands. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (6): 325-333 - get paper here
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