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Emydoidea blandingii (HOLBROOK, 1838)

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Higher TaxaEmydidae, Emydinae, Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Blanding's Turtle 
SynonymCistudo blandingii HOLBROOK 1838: 35
Testudo flava LACÉPÈDE 1788 (nomen oblitum)
Testudo meleagris SHAW 1793 (nomen oblitum)
Testudo meleagris — SHAW & NODDER 1793: plate 144
Emys blandingii — STRAUCH 1862
Emydoidea blandingii — GRAY 1870: 19
Emys blandingii — BOULENGER 1889
Emys blandingii — BLANCHARD 1923
Emys blandingii — CONANT 1938
Emys twentei TAYLOR 1943: 250
Emydoidea blandingii — LOVERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1957
Emydoidea blandingii — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 198
Emydoidea blandingii — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 73
Emydoidea blandingii — CROTHER 2000
Emys blandingii — FELDMAN & PARHAM 2002
Emydoidea blandingii — OBST 2003: 16
Emys blandingii — SPINKS & SHAFFER 2009
Emydoidea blandingii — ERNST & LOVICH 2009
Emydoidea blandingii — FRITZ et al. 2011
Emys blandingii — SPINKS et al. 2016
Emydoidea blandingii — SEIDEL & ERNST 2017
Emydoidea blandingii — TTWG 2021 
DistributionCanada (S Ontario, SW Quebec, isolated populations in SC Nova Scotia),
USA (the Great lakes region, Michigan, NW Pennsylvania, N Ohio, N Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, W Nebraska, Iowa , NE Missouri, in scattered localities in E New York, SC Connecticut, S Rhode Island, NE Massachusetts, S New Hampshire, SW Maine)

Type locality: Fox River, Illinois.  
Reproductionoviparous. Temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Nemesházi & Bókony 2023. 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 26123 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1847 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Cistudo blandingii HOLBROOK 1838: 35 is the type species of the genus Emydoidea GRAY 1870.

Habitat: freshwater (swamps, ponds, rivers)

Karyotype: the karyotype is 2n = 50: 20 metacentric or submetacentric, 10 subtelocentric, and 20 acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes (Stock (1972). 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. William Blanding (1772-1857), American naturalist.

The genus was apparently named after Latin Emys, chelonian genus due to Duméril 1805 (see) + Latin oides, resembling, having the form of. 
References
  • Anthonysamy, Whitney J. B.; Michael J. Dreslik, David Mauger, and Christopher A. Phillips 2014. A Preliminary Assessment of Habitat Partitioning in a Freshwater Turtle Community at an Isolated Preserve. Copeia Jun 2014, Vol. 2014, No. 2: 269-278. - get paper here
  • Anthonysamy, Whitney J. B.; Michael J. Dreslik, Marlis R. Douglas, Natalie K. Marioni, and Christopher A. Phillips 2014. Reproductive Ecology of an Endangered Turtle in a Fragmented Landscape. Copeia Sep 2014, Vol. 14, No. 3: 437-446. - get paper here
  • BADJE, A. F 2020. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle). USA: Wisconsin: Taylor Co. Herpetological Review 51: 73.
  • Bartholmai, J & Badje, A F 2019. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle) USA: Wisconsin: Dodge Co. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 324 - get paper here
  • Baxter-Gilbert, James, Julia L. Riley and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. 2013. Chrysemys picta marginata (midland painted turtle), Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) hatchling mortality. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 303-304 - get paper here
  • Beauvais, Thomas F. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle). Herpetological Review 44 (4): 623 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blanchard, Frank N. 1923. The amphibians and reptiles of Dickinson County, Iowa. Iowa Studies in Natural History 10 (2): 19-26
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  • Buckardt, Emma M.; Gary A. Glowacki; James P. Gibbs 2020. Environmental Cues that Trigger Nesting by Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 19 (1): - get paper here
  • Byer, Nathan W.; Brendan N. Reid, Richard A. Seigel, and Marcus Z. Peery 2018. Applying Lessons from Avian Ecology to Herpetological Research: Techniques for Analyzing Nest Survival due to Predation. Herp. Cons. Biol. 13 (3): 517–532 - get paper here
  • CANNIZZARO IV, JOSEPH S. & WILLIAM H. GRASER III. 2022. EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII (Blanding’s Turtle). HABITAT USE. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 117–118.
  • CANNIZZARO, JOSEPH S.; WILLIAM GRASER & NATHAN J. KUTOK. 2021. EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII (Blanding’s Turtle). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 390. - get paper here
  • CHANTEL E. MARKLE, TIMOTHY LAW; HOPE C. A. FREEMAN, BRENNAN CAVERHILL, CHRISTINA M. DAVY, JEFF HATHAWAY, JEFFIE MCNEIL, KELSEY MOXLEY, SARAH RICHER, & PATRICIA CHOW-FRASER. 2021. Using The Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) Plastron as A ‘Fingerprint’: Photo Identification of An Endangered Species. Canadian Wildlife Biology & Managemente 10(2): 47–61. - get paper here
  • Chessman, B. C. 2024. The conundrum of turtle and tortoise basking: A critical review. Journal of Zoology - get paper here
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  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cordero, Gerardo A. 2017. Quick guide: The turtle’s shell. Biology 27: R163–R171 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Demers, Dominic; Emily Hawkins, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, Annie Morin 2018. Can snapping turtles be used as an umbrella species for Blanding’s turtles in Ontario, Canada? Herpetology Notes 11: 137-145 - get paper here
  • Dupuis-Desormeaux, M., McDonald, K., Moro, D., Reid, T., Agnew, C., Johnson, R., & MacDonald, S. E. 2021. A snapshot of the distribution and demographics of freshwater turtles along Toronto’s Lake Ontario coastal wetlands. Journal of Great Lakes Research 47(2): 283–294. - get paper here
  • Durso, Andrew & Andreas Nöllert 2018. Früher Geburtstermin bei der Schlingnatter. Terraria-Elaphe 2018 (6): 78-79 - get paper here
  • Ernst, Carl H.; Lovich, Jeffrey E. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada, 2nd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 827 pp. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Feldman, C. R. & Parham, James Ford 2002. Molecular Phylogenetics of Emydine Turtles: Taxonomic Revision and the Evolution of Shell Kinesis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22 (3): 388-398 - get paper here
  • Ferrara, C R; Vogt, R C & Pappas, M 2018. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle) Vocalization. Herpetological Review 49 (3): 526-527 - get paper here
  • Flaherty, J. P., Costello, J. & Johnson, G. 2012. Geographic distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle). Herpetological Review 43: 615 - get paper here
  • Flaherty, James P. and Glenn Johnson. 2013. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) foraging and diet. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 304 - get paper here
  • Forrester, A J; Geluso, K; Harner, M J & Kruse, C; 2018. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle). Herpetological Review 49 (4): 711 - get paper here
  • Fritz, U.; Schmidt, C. & Ernst, C.H. 2011. Competing generic concepts for Blanding’s, Pacific and European pond turtles (Emydoidea, Actinemys and Emys)—Which is best? Zootaxa 2791: 41–53 - get paper here
  • Fyson, Vincent K; Gabrielle Fortin, Yohann Dubois, Gabriel Blouin-Demers 2020. Landscape composition weakly predicts wetland occupancy by Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii Holbrook, 1838). Herpetology Notes 13: 867-873 - get paper here
  • GOLBA, CALLIE KLATT; GARY A. GLOWACKI & RICHARD B. KING. 2022. Growth and Survival of Wild and Head-Started Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). Ichthyology & Herpetology 110(2): 378–387. - get paper here
  • Graham, T.E. 1979. Locomotor Activity in the Blanding’s Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae): The Phasing Effect of Temperature Journal of Herpetology 13 (3): 365-366. - get paper here
  • Graham, T.E. & Forsberg, J.E. 1986. Clutch size in some Maine turtles. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 22 (3): 146-148 - get paper here
  • Graham, T.E. & T.S. Doyle 1977. Growth and Population characteristics of Blanding's Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, in Massachusetts Herpetologica 33 (4): 410-414. - get paper here
  • Graham, T.E. & T.S. Doyle 1979. Dimorphism, Courtship, Eggs, and Hatchlings of the Blanding’s Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae) in Massachusetts Journal of Herpetology 13 (1): 125-127. - get paper here
  • Gray, J.E. 1870. Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Testudinata (Tortoises). Taylor and Francis, London. 120 p., 40 figs.
  • Gutzke, W.H.N. & G.C. Packard 1987. The Influence of Temperature on Eggs and Hatchlings of Blanding’s Turtles, Emydoidea blandingii Journal of Herpetology 21 (2): 161-163. - get paper here
  • Hamernick, Mark G.; Justin D. Congdon; David R. McConville; Jeffrey W. Lang 2020. Spatial Biology of Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) at Weaver Dunes, Minnesota, USA Chelonian Conservation and Biology 19 (1): - get paper here
  • Harding, J.H. & Davis, S.K. 1999. Clemmys insculpta (wood turtle) and Emydoidea blandingii (Blandings’ turtle). Hybridization. Herpetological Review 30: 225-226 - get paper here
  • Hecht, Max 1943. A new record for Blanding's turtle in eastern New York. Copeia 1943 (3): 196-197 - get paper here
  • Holbrook, John E. 1838. North American Herpetology, Vol. 3 (1st ed.). J. Dobson, Philadelphia, 122 pp. - get paper here
  • Hunter, M.L., Jr., Albright, J., & Arbuckle, J., eds. 1992. The amphibians and reptiles of Maine. Maine Agric. Experiment Station, Orono, Bull. 838 188 pp.
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  • Jackson, C.G., Jr. & J.M. Kaye 1974. The Occurrence of Blanding's Turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, in the Late Pleistocene of Mississippi (Testudines: Testudinidae) Herpetologica 30 (4): 417-419. - get paper here
  • Johnson, Glenn;Wills, Todd 1997. Geographic Distribution. Emydoidea blandingii. Herpetological Review 28 (4): 209 - get paper here
  • Kastle, Monika; Joshua Kapfer, Andrew R. Kuhns, William Graser, Gary Glowacki, Andrew Ibach, Lisa Mitchem, Joseph Mozuch, Nicholas Rudolph, Karl Rutzen & Richard King 2021. Blanding's Turtle Hatchling Survival and Movements following Natural vs. Artificial Incubation. Journal of Herpetology 55 (2): 167-173 - get paper here
  • King, Richard B.; Oldham, Michael J.; Weller, Wayne F.; Wynn, Douglas. 1997. Historic and current amphibian and reptile distributions in the Island Region of Western Lake Erie. American Midland Naturalist 138(1):153-173 - get paper here
  • Lefebvre, José; Trevor S. Avery, and Tom B. Herman 2011. Size Dimorphism and Growth Rates in Distinct Populations of Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in Nova Scotia in Relation to Environment. Herp. Cons. Biol. 6 (3) - get paper here
  • Lovich, J.E. & Jaworski, T.R. 1988. Annotated checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles reported from Cedar Bog, Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 88 (4): 139-143 - get paper here
  • Lundeen, D. and A. F. Badje 2017. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle). Herpetological Review 48 (2): 386 - get paper here
  • Lynch, J.D. 1985. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska. Nebraska Acad. of Sci., Lincoln, Trans. 13: 33-57.
  • MacPherson, Matthew R. 2016. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle) Aggressive behavior. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 283-284 - get paper here
  • Markle, Chantel E. and Patricia Chow-Fraser 2017. Thermal Characteristics of Overwintering Habitats for the Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) Across Three Study Areas in Ontario, Canada. Herp. Cons. Biol. 12 (1): - get paper here
  • Markle, Chantel Elizabeth and Patricia Chow-Fraser 2014. Habitat Selection by the Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) on a Protected Island in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec 2014, Vol. 13, No. 2: 216-226. - get paper here
  • McCluskey, Eric M; Stephen W Mockford, Kylie Sands, Tom B Herman, Glenn Johnson, Rusty A Gonser 2016. Population Genetic Structure of Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in New York. Journal of Herpetology 50 (1): 70-76. - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2006. Chelonian Illustrations # 24 - North American Wood and Pond Turtles. Reptilia (GB) (44): 83-86 - get paper here
  • McCoy, C. J. 1973. Emydoidea, E. blandingii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (136): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Mertig, G; Nelson, C; Magana, R J & Staffen, R A; 2019. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle) USA: Wisconsin: Ashland Co. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 99-100 - get paper here
  • Meyer, J. J., et al. 2017. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle) Cold tolerance. Herpetological Review 48 (2): 423-424 - get paper here
  • Millar, Catherine S. and Gabriel Blouin-Demers 2011. Spatial Ecology and Seasonal Activity of Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Herpetology 45 (3): 370-378. - get paper here
  • Millar, Catherine S.; Jeffrey P. Graham, and Gabriel Blouin-Demers 2012. The Effects of Sex and Season on Patterns of Thermoregulation in Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in Ontario, Canada. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 11 (1): 24-32. - get paper here
  • Mockford, S.W.; T.B. Herman; M. Snyder & J.M. Wright 2007. Conservation genetics of Blanding’s turtle and its application in the identification of evolutionarily significant units. Conservation Genetics 8:209–219 - get paper here
  • Nathan W. Byer, Brendan N. Reid, Richard P. Thiel & M. Zachariah Peery 2020. Strong Climate Associations but No Temporal Trends in Nesting Phenology of Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). Herpetologica 76 (4): 396-402 - get paper here
  • Nemesházi, E., Bókony, V. 2023. HerpSexDet: the herpetological database of sex determination and sex reversal. Sci Data 10, 377 - get paper here
  • Obst, F.J. 2003. Sumpfschildkröten. Draco 4 (13): 4-18 - get paper here
  • Pappas, M.J. & B.J. Brecke 1992. Habitat Selection of Juvenile Blanding’s Turtles, Emydoidea blandingii Journal of Herpetology 26 (2): 233-234. - get paper here
  • Paterson, J. E., Pulfer, T., Horrigan, E., Sukumar, S., Vezina, B. I., Zimmerling, R., & Davy, C. M. 2021. Individual and synergistic effects of habitat loss and roads on reptile occupancy. Global Ecology and Conservation, 31, e01865 - get paper here
  • Paterson, James E., Maple McDermott, Brad Steinberg and Jacqueline D. Litzgus 2011. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) hatchling behavior. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 418-419 - get paper here
  • Phillips, JG 2016. Updated Geographic Distributions of Michigan Herpetofauna: a Synthesis of Old and New Sources. The Journal of North American Herpetology 2016: 45–69 - get paper here
  • Power, T.D.;Herman, T.B.;Kerekes, J. 1994. Water colour as a predictor of local distribution of Blanding's turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, in Nova Scotia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 108 (1): 17-21
  • Proulx, Catherine L.; Gabrielle Fortin, and Gabriel Blouin-Demers 2014. Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) Avoid Crossing Unpaved and Paved Roads. Journal of Herpetology Jun 2014, Vol. 48, No. 2: 267-271. - get paper here
  • Raschke, R; Sturtevant, B R & Quigley, K M; 2019. Geographic Distribution: Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle) USA: Wisconsin: Bayfield Co. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 99 - get paper here
  • Refsnider, J.M. 2009. High Frequency of Multiple Paternity in Blanding's Turtle (Emys blandingii) Journal of Herpetology 43 (1): 74-81. - get paper here
  • Riley, J. L., Paterson, J. E. & Litzgus, J. D. 2012. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) record clutch size. Herpetological Review 43: 326 - get paper here
  • Riley, Julia L., Matthew Keevil, Patrick Moldowan and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. 2011. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) record egg size. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 417-418 - get paper here
  • Rowe, J.W. & Horton, O. 2017. Home range size, core area use, and daily movements in Emydoidea blandingii at two central Michigan localities. Herpetological Review 48 (3): 526-531. - get paper here
  • Rowe, John W.; Chelsea E. Martin, Kendall R. Kamp, and David L. Clark 2017. Spectral Reflectance of Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) and Substrate Color-Induced Melanization in Laboratory-reared Turtles. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12 (2) - get paper here
  • Ruane, Sara, Stephen A. Dinkelacker and John B. Iverson. 2008. Demographic and Reproductive Traits of Blanding's Turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, at the Western Edge of the Species' Range. Copeia 2008 (4): 771-779 - get paper here
  • Rutzen, Karl, Lisa Mitchem, Nicholas Rudolph, Kerry Katovich and Joshua M. Kapfer. 2015. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) juvenile diet. Herpetological Review 46 (1): 79-80 - get paper here
  • Seidel, Michael E. & Carl H. Ernst 2017. A Systematic Review of the Turtle Family Emydidae. Vertebrate Zoology 67 (1): 1–122 - get paper here
  • Shaw,G. & Nodder,F.P. 1793. The Naturalist's Miscellany [...], Vol. IV. London, Nodder & Co., plates 111-146, 158 unnumbered pages [published in monthly issues between August 1, 1792, and July 1, 1793] - get paper here
  • Sheppard, Anna C. 2014. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's turtle) mass mortality. Herpetological Review 45 (2): 312-313 - get paper here
  • Spinks, P.Q., Thomson, R.C., McCartney-Melstad, E., Bradley Shaffer, H. 2016. Phylogeny and temporal diversification of the New World pond turtles (Emydidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 85-97 - get paper here
  • Spinks, Phillip Q. & H. Bradley Shaffer 2009. CONFLICTING MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR PHYLOGENIES FOR THE WIDELY DISJUNCT EMYS (TESTUDINES: EMYDIDAE) SPECIES COMPLEX, AND WHAT THEY TELL US ABOUT BIOGEOGRAPHY AND HYBRIDIZATION. Systematic Biology 58(1): 1-20 - get paper here
  • Stephens, P.R. & Wiens, J.J. 2009. EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISMS IN EMYDID TURTLES: ECOLOGICAL DIMORPHISM, RENSCH’S RULE, AND SYMPATRIC DIVERGENCE. Evolution 63-4: 910–925 - get paper here
  • Stryszowska, K.M., G. Johnson, L.R. Mendoza & T.A. Langen 2016. Species Distribution Modeling of the Threatened Blanding's Turtle's (Emydoidea blandingii) Range Edge as a Tool for Conservation Planning Journal of Herpetology 50 (2): 366-373. - get paper here
  • Stryszowska, Kinga M.; Glenn Johnson, Lorianny Rivera Mendoza, and Tom A. Langen 2015. Species Distribution Modeling of the Threatened Blanding's Turtle's (Emydoidea blandingii) Range Edge as a Tool for Conservation Planning. Journal of Herpetology 50 (3): 366-373. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Urbanek, Rachael E., Gary A. Glowacki, and Clayton K. Nielsen. 2016. Effect of raccoon (Procyon lotor) reduction on Blanding''''s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) nest success. The Journal of North American Herpetology 2016(1):39-44 - get paper here
  • Van Devender, T.R. & J.E. King 1975. Fossil Blanding's Turtles, Emydoidea blandingi (Holbrook), and the Late Pleistocene Vegetation of Western Missouri Herpetologica 31 (2): 208-212. - get paper here
  • VanDeWalle, Terry 2022. The Natural History of the Snakes and Lizards of Iowa. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa, 384 pp. ISBN: 978-1- 609388-37-9. [review in HR 54 (1): 151] - get paper here
  • VANDEWALLE, TERRY J. 2022. EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII (Blanding’s Turtle). MATING. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 118.
  • Walker, W.F., Jr., D.M. Green & G.T. Jones 1953. Growth of Algae on the Turtle Emys blandingi Copeia 1953 (1): 61. - get paper here
  • Wilson, D.S. et al. 2003. Estimating age of turtles from growth rings: a critical evaluation of the technique. Herpetologica 59 (2): 178-194 - get paper here
  • Zagorski, G., Boreham, D. & Litzgus, J. 2018. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle) Aggression. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 106. - get paper here
  • Zagorski, G; Boreham, D & Litzgus, J; 2019. Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding’s Turtle) Feeding. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 121 - get paper here
 
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