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Enyalius capetinga BREITMAN, DOMINGOS, BAGLEY, FERRARI, CAVALCANTE, PEREIRA, ABREU, DE LIMA, MORAIS, DEL PRETTE, SILVA, MELLO, CARVALHO, LIMA, SILVA, MATIAS, CARVALHO, PANTOJA, GOMES, PASCHOALETTO, RODRIGUES, TALARICO, BARRETO-LIMA & COLLI, 2018

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Higher TaxaLeiosauridae (Enyaliinae), Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymEnyalius capetinga BREITMAN, DOMINGOS, BAGLEY, FERRARI, CAVALCANTE, PEREIRA, ABREU, DE LIMA, MORAIS, DEL PRETTE, SILVA, MELLO, CARVALHO, LIMA, SILVA, MATIAS, CARVALHO, PANTOJA, GOMES, PASCHOALETTO, RODRIGUES, TALARICO, BARRETO-LIMA & COLLI 2018
Enyalius bilineatus — RODRIGUES et al. 2006: 11
Enyalius bilineatus — RODRIGUES et al. 2014: 137
Enyalius bilineatus — LEDO & COLLI 2016: 98
Enyalius aff. bilineatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2009: 83
Enyalius capetinga — CARVALHO et al. 2023 
DistributionBrazil (Distrito Federal, Cerrado, and nearby localities in Minas Gerais)

Type locality: Reserva Ecológica do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Fig. 7 in Breitman et al. 2019), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil, (15.9467°S, 47.8686°W; 1154 m elevation [asl]; datum = WGS84).  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: UNB 74591 (given as CHUNB for the Coleção Herpetológica) (Figs. 4, 5), adult male collected by Ana Cecília Holler Del Prette and Anderson Kennedy Soares de Lima on 10 June 2016. Paratypes: UNB (= CHUNB) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Enyalius capetinga differs from E. bilineatus mainly in having fewer ventral (34.45 +/- 2.25 [29–40] vs. 43.2 +/- 4.06 [35–49] in E. bilineatus) and dorsolateral tibial scales (10.38 +/- 1.29 [8–13] vs. 12.52 +/- 0.59 [12–14] in E. bilineatus), and a higher number of midbody (52.96 +/- 4.34 [42–64] vs. 45.8 +/- 3.64 [39–52] in E. bilineatus) and vertebral scales (68.8 +/- 4.94 [55–82] vs. 63.56 +/- 4.88 [52– 70] in E. bilineatus; Table 2; Supplemental Materials 2 and 10). Also, all samples of E. capetinga present granular lateral scales, whereas only 32% of E. bilineatus samples present this character state, and the remaining individuals (68%) present non-granular scales. Enyalius capetinga differs from all other species of the genus (excluding E. bilineatus; see character summary in Table 2 and Supplemental Materials 2, 10) mainly in having the smallest count of ventral scales (34.45 +/- 2.25), supraciliaries (6.59 +/- 1.64), paravertebral scales (63.84 6 5.96), dorsolateral tibials (10.38 6 1.29), supralabials (7.86 6 1.03), and scales from mental to gular fold (34.34 +/- 4.04). Likewise, the new species is distinguished from all others in the genus by having keels on most dorsal scales. Enyalius capetinga differs from most other Enyalius species in lacking contact between nasal and postrostral scales (absent in 89% of the samples), which is common in most other species (excluding E. bilineatus and E. pictus); having an enlarged subocular scale (present in 96% of E. capetinga samples) that is smaller in the majority (.70%) of individuals of other species (except E. bilineatus, E. pictus, and E. erythroceneus). Enyalius capetinga differs from E. leechii in having a dorsal crest and smooth fourth toe lamellae, from E. bibronii in having keeled ventral scales, and from E. boulengeri and E. brasiliensis in having smooth infracarpals (Supplemental Material 2) [Breitman et al. 2019]. 
CommentHabitat: gallery forests, nearby areas of cerrado 
EtymologyThe specific epithet of this species is a Portuguese word that refers to Capetinga Creek, located in Fazenda Água Limpa,property of Universidade de Brasília, ~7 km SW of the type locality, where GRC collected the first specimens of Enyalius capetinga in November 1987. Capetinga is formed by the combination of the Tupinambá language (Tupi-Guarani) words ‘‘kapi’’’ (grass) and ‘‘tinga’’ (dry/white), meaning ‘‘dry grass.’’ We also chose this name for the resemblance with ‘‘capeta,’’ a Portuguese word for ‘‘devil’’ or ‘‘bugbear.’’ “Sometimes, while conducting our investigation and dealing with the complex interactions of academic life, we felt as if the capeta was coming to get us!” (Breitman et al. 2019) 
References
  • Breitman, M. Florencia; Fabricius M.C.B. Domingos, Justin C. Bagley, Helga C. Wiederhecker, Tayná B. Ferrari, Vitor H.G.L. Cavalcante, André C. Pereira, Tarcísio L.S. Abreu, Anderson Kennedy Soares De-Lima, Carlos J.S. Morais, Ana C.H. del Prette, Iz 2018. A New Species of Enyalius (Squamata, Leiosauridae) Endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado. Herpetologica 74 (4): 355-369. - get paper here
  • Ishihara, M.A., Domingos, F.M.C.B., Gomides, S.C.; I. A. Novelli, G. R. Colli & S. M. Vargas 2022. Genetic structure of Enyalius capetinga (Squamata, Leiosauridae) in Central Cerrado and transitional areas between the Cerrado and the Atlantic forest, with updated geographic distribution Genetica - get paper here
  • Ledo, Roger Maia Dias and Guarino Rinaldi Colli 2016. Silent Death: The New Brazilian Forest Code Does Not Protect Lizard Assemblages in Cerrado Riparian Forests. South American J. Herp. 11 (2): 98–109 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, C., G.R. Colli, and M. Martins. 2009. Local richness and distribution of the lizard fauna in natural habitat mosaics of the Brazilian Cerrado. Austral Ecology 34:83–96 - get paper here
  • OLIVEIRA, HENRIQUE J. & HENRIQUE C. COSTA. 2022. Novos registros dos lagartos Ameivula cipoensis Arias et al., 2014, Enyalius capetinga Breitman et al., 2018, Psilops paeminosus (Rodrigues, 1991) e Tupinambis quadrilineatus Manzani & Abe, 1997 (Squamata) para o estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, atrav Cuadernos de Herpetología 36(2): 259–264. - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut; Carolina Elena Viña Bertolotto, Renata Cecília Amaro, Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda, Eliza Maria Xavier Freire, Katia Cristina Machado Pellegrino 2014. Molecular phylogeny, species limits, and biogeography of the Brazilian endemic lizard genus Enyalius (Squamata: Leiosauridae): An example of the historical relationship between Atlantic Forests and Amazonia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81: 137-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.019 - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut; Marco Antonio de Freitas, Thais Figueiredo Santos Silva, and Carolina Elena Viña Bertolotto 2006. A new species of lizard genus Enyalius (Squamata, Leiosauridae) from the highlands of Chapada Diamantina, State of Bahia, Brazil, with a key to species. Phyllomedusa 5 (1): 11-24 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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