You are here » home › search results › Epicrates crassus

Epicrates crassus COPE, 1862

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Epicrates crassus?

Add your own observation of
Epicrates crassus »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaBoidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Paraguayan Rainbow Boa
G: Paraguay-Regenbogenboa
Portuguese: Jiboia-Arco-Íris, Jiboia-Parda, Salamanta, Salamanta-do-Cerrado, Salamanta-do-Sudeste, Uaçubói 
SynonymEpicrates crassus COPE 1862
Epicrates crassus — AMARAL 1925
Epicrates cenchria crassus — AMARAL 1929: 140
E[picrates]. cenchria polylepis AMARAL 1935: 236
Epicrates cenchria crassus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970
Epicrates cenchria crassus — FREIBERG 1982
Epicrates crassus — PASSOS & FERNANDES 2008
Epicrates crassus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 273
Epicrates crassus — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 20
Epicrates crassus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionParaguay, Bolivia (Beni, Andean slopes), Argentina (grasslands), Brazil (Cerrado in Rondonia, Pará, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, grassland of Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Bahia)

Type locality: Cadosa, Paraná River, Paraguay. Corrected to Gardosa, Rio Paraná, Paraguay, by Williams and Francini (1991).  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 12413, adult
Holotype: IBSP 9165 [polylepis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Distinguished from Epicrates cenchria, E. maurus, and E. alvarezi by having dorsal ground color light to dark brown in juveniles and adults, number of subcaudal , 45 scales. Distinguished from E. cenchria and E. alvarezi by having barely conspicuous parietal crest, and reduced alary process of vomer; from E. alvarezi by having inverted hemipenis bifurcates after 7th subcaudal; from E. assisi by having lobes slightly smaller than hemipenial body, approximately twice longer than wide, lobes slightly clavate, ventrals generally , 245 scales. Refer to Tables 6–7 for additional diagnostic features of the continental Epicrates. 
CommentSynonymy mostly after PASSOS & FERNANDES 2008.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyApparently named after its stout body (Latin crassus, -a = thick). 
References
  • Akeret, B. 2008. Gefahrenpotenzial Riesenschlangen. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (72): 4-12 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1925. South American snakes in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 67 (24): 1-30 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A.do 1954. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios neotropicos. XXXVII. Sub-especies de Epicrates cenchria (Lineu, 1758). Mem. Inst. Butantan 26: 227-247. - get paper here
  • Aresté, M.; Farriols, J. L. 1999. Epicrates cenchria Rainbow boa (Linnaeus, 1758). Reptilia (GB) (6): 39-42 - get paper here
  • Atkinson, Karina, Rebecca Smith and Paul Smith. 2014. Epicrates crassus (eastern rainbow boa) diet. Herpetological Review 45 (4): 710 - get paper here
  • Bellosa, H. 2005. Haltung und Nachzucht der Roten Regenbogenboa (Epicrates cenchria cenchria). Reptilia (Münster) 10 (54): 56-60 - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Snakes of Rondônia State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): 1-29 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Casado-B., Roberto;Marca, Enrique La 1996. Geographic Distribution. Epicrates cenchria maurus. Herpetological Review 27 (4): 212 - get paper here
  • Castro, T.M. & Teixeira, R.L. 2007. Straßenverkehr als Bedrohung für die Amphibien und Reptilien des Atlantischen Regenwalds in Südost-Brasilien. Eine Fallstudie. Sauria 29 (2): 35-42 - get paper here
  • Dirksen, L. 2006. Mit Sonar und Guillotine auf Anakondajagd. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (58): 44-50 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1844. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.6. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 609 pp. - get paper here
  • Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here
  • Fiorillo, B. F., Maciel, J. H., & Martins, M. 2021. Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil. ZooKeys 1056: 95-147 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Mesquita, Daniel Oliveira and Guarino Rinaldi Colli 2006. A CHECKLIST OF SNAKES FROM AMAZONIAN SAVANNAS IN BRAZIL, HOUSED IN THE COLEÇÃO HERPETOLÓGICA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA, WITH NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. Occ. Pap. Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Oklahoma 17: 1-13
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Freiberg, M.A. 1982. Snakes of South America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 189 pp. - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Guarino R. Colli, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto, Luiz Trinchão, Daniel Araújo, Tiago de Oliveira Lima, Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França, Renato Gaiga, Pedro Dias 2016. Snakes of Cerrado localities in western Bahia, Brazil. Check List 12 (3): 1896 - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 278-286. - get paper here
  • Gasc & Rodrigues 1980. Liste preliminaire des Serpents de la Guyane francaise. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (4): 559-598
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • GUEDES, THAÍS B.; CRISTIANO NOGUEIRA & OTAVIO A. V. MARQUES 2014. Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3863 (1): 001–093 - get paper here
  • Guerra, V., Ramalho, W. P., Machado, I. F., & Brandão, R. A. 2022. Herpetofauna of the Serra do Tombador Nature Reserve, State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia, 53(3), 33-51 - get paper here
  • Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hoge,A.R. & Belluomini, H.E. 1959. ABERRAÇÔES CROMÂTICAS EM SERPENTES BRASILEIRAS. Mem. Inst. Butantan 28 [1957-1958]: 95-97 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1864. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 8. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1864. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 7. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Kacoliris F.P.; Berkunsky I. & Williams J. 2006. Herpetofauna of Impenetrable, Argentinean Great Chaco. Phyllomedusa 5 (2): 149-158 - get paper here
  • Kluge, A. G. 1989. A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among Epicrates (Boidae, Serpentes). Systematic Zoology 38 (1): 7-25 - get paper here
  • Kluge, Arnold G. 1988. Parsimony in vicariance biogeography: a quantitative method and a greater antillean example. Systematic Zoology 37 (4): 315-328 - get paper here
  • Kniesch, V. 2005. Die Argentinische Regenbogenboa (Epicrates cenchria alvarezi). Reptilia (Münster) 10 (54): 62-64 - get paper here
  • La Marca, Enrique; Soriano, Pascual J. 1995. Epicrates cenchria cenchria. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 109 - get paper here
  • La Marca, Enrique; Soriano, Pascual J.; Casado B., Roberto 1995. Drymarchon corais melanurus. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 109 - get paper here
  • Lancini,A.R. & Kornacker,P.M. 1989. Die Schlangen von Venezuela. Armitano Editores C.A., Caracas, 1-381
  • Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here
  • Lemke, T.O. 1978. PREDATION UPON BATS BY EPICRATES CENCHRIS CENCHRIS IN COLOMBIA. Herpetological Review 9 (2): 47 - get paper here
  • Leynaud, Gerardo C. and Enrique H. Bucher 1999. La fauna de serpientes del Chaco Sudamericano: diversidad, distribución geografica y estado de conservación. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Miscelanea (98):1-46
  • Linares, Antônio Meira and Paula Cabral Eterovick 2013. Herpetofaunal Surveys Support Successful Reconciliation Ecology in Secondary and Human-Modified Habitats at the Inhotim Institute, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 69 (2): 237-256. - get paper here
  • Linnaeus, C. [= Linné, C. von] 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. - get paper here
  • Markezich, A.L. 2002. New distribution records of reptiles from Western Venezuela. Herpetological Review 33 (1): 69-74 - get paper here
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Michels, J.P. & A.M. Bauer 2004. Some corrections to the scientific names of amphibians and reptiles. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 52: 83–94 [2005] [Note: Dubois 2007 rejected most of the changes made in this paper] - get paper here
  • Neves MO, Yves A, Pereira EA, Alves L, Vasques JB, Coelho JFT, Silva PS 2019. Herpetofauna in a highly endangered area: the Triângulo Mineiro region, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Herpetozoa 32: 113-123 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Noonan, Brice P. and Paul T. Chippindale 2006. Dispersal and vicariance: The complex evolutionary history of boid snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 450 (2): 347-358 - get paper here
  • Passos, Paulo and Ronaldo Fernandes 2008. Revision of the Epicrates cenchria Complex (Serpentes: Boidae). Herpetological Monographs 22 (1): 1-30 - get paper here
  • Pinto-Coelho, D., Hamdan, B., & Lira-da-Silva, R. M. 2020. GEOGRAPHIC AND ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF SNAKES OF THE FAMILY BOIDAE IN THE STATE OF BAHIA, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia, 12(2), 26-50 - get paper here
  • Ramalho, Werther Pereira; Vinícius Guerra Batista; Luciano Roberto Passos Lozi 2014. Anfíbios e répteis do médio rio Aporé, estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Goiás, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 9 (3): 147-160; doi: 10.4013/nbc.2014.93.04 - get paper here
  • RECODER, R.S.,TEIXEIRA JUNIOR, M., CAMACHO, A., NUNES, P.M.S., MOTT, T., VALDUJO, P.H., GHELLERE, J.M., NOGUEIRA, C. & RODRIGUES, M.T. 2011. Reptiles of Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station, Central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 11(1): - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Rivas, L. R., Eversole, C. B., & Powell, R. L. 2023. Urban herpetofauna of Trinidad, Beni Department, Bolivia. Herpetology Notes, 16, 399-410
  • Rivera, P.C., Cola, V.D., Martı ́nez, J.J., Gardenal, C.N. and Chiaraviglio, M. 2011. Species Delimitation in the Continental Forms of the Genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) Integrating Phylogenetics and Environmental Niche Models. PLoS One 6 (9): e22199. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022199 - get paper here
  • Roberts, M. E 1984. Snakes. T.F.H. Publications, 80 pp.
  • Santos, D.L.; S.P. Andrade; E.P. Victor-Jr.; W. Vaz-Silva 2014. Amphibians and reptiles from southeastern Goiás, Central Brazil. Check List 10 (1): 131-148 - get paper here
  • SOUSA, B.M., NASCIMENTO, A.E.R., GOMIDES, S.C., VARELA RIOS, C.H., HUDSON, A.H. & NOVELLI, I.A. 2010. Reptiles in fragments of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest at the Campo das Vertentes, Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (2): 129-138 - get paper here
  • Starace, Fausto 1998. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. IBIS Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyane, 450 pp.
  • Starace, Fausto 2013. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. Ibis Rouge Editions, Matoury, Guyane, ISBN 978-2-84450-407-4 - get paper here
  • Stemmler, Othmar 1971. Gefangenschaftsnachzucht von Epicrates cenchria maurus x Epicrates cenchria cenchria (Reptilia, Boidae). Auqarien und Terrarien (12): 415-420
  • VARELA RIOS, C.H.V., NOVELLI, I.A., HUDSON, A.A., COZENDEY, P., LIMA, L.C., SOUSA, B.M. 2017. Communities and occurrences of Squamata reptiles in different vegetation types of the Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 17(1): e20150103 - get paper here
  • Viana PF, Ribeiro LB, Souza GM, Chalkidis HdM, Gross MC, Feldberg E 2016. Is the Karyotype of Neotropical Boid Snakes Really Conserved? Cytotaxonomy, Chromosomal Rearrangements and Karyotype Organization in the Boidae Family. PLoS One 11 (8): e0160274.doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0160274 - get paper here
  • Vitt, L. J.; Caldwell, J. P.; Colli, G. R.; Garda, A. A.; Mesquita, D. O.; França, F. G. R. e Balbino, S. F. 2002. Um guia fotográfico dos répteis e anfíbios da região do Jalapão no Cerrado brasileiro. Norman, Oklahoma: Special Publications in Herpetology. San Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Waller, Tomas;Buongermini-P., Emilio 1998. Geographic distribution. Epicrates cenchria alvarezi. Herpetological Review 29 (4): 249 - get paper here
  • Williams,J.D. & Francini,F. 1991. A checklist of the Argentine snakes. Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 9 (1): 55-90
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Epicrates&species=crassus

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator