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Erythrolamprus cobella (LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mangrove Groundsnake, Mangrove Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-de-Capim, Cobra-Selada, Jararaca-Rajada, Jararaquinha 
SynonymColuber Cobella LINNAEUS 1758: 218
Coluber serpentinus DAUDIN 1803: 87
Coluber cenchrus DAUDIN 1803: 139
Coronella cobella — SCHLEGEL 1837: 166
Liophis Cobella — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 698
Liophis cobella — JAN 1866
Liophis cobella — GARMAN 1887: 280
Rhadinaea cobella — BOULENGER 1894: 166
Liophis cobella — AMARAL 1925: 7
Liophis cobella cobella — BEEBE 1946: 35
Liophis cobella — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Liophis cobellus — STARACE 1998: 214
Liophis cobella cobella — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Liophis cobellus cobellus — BOOS 2001
Erythrolamprus cobella — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Liophis cobellus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 381
Erythrolamprus cobellus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionSuriname, French Guiana, Brazil (Amapá), Trinidad

Type locality: America  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UUZM (also as ZIU, Uppsala), no number, 2 cotypes and MAF, 1 cotype, no number 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Distinguished from Liophis frenata, L. trebbaui, L. ingeri, and L. torrenicola by possessing less than 168 ventral scales. Differs from Liophis breviceps by having usually 8 supralabials (94%) and more than 16 maxillary teeth. It is distinguished from L. taeniogaster by having a greater number of ventral bands (mean 54.8 vs 32.7) (from FERNANDES et al. 2002).
 
CommentSynonymy: Has been confused with E. taeniogaster which is much more widely distributed.

Distribution: not in Bolivia, nor Peru; speciments reported from Bolivia or Peru are actually L. taeniogaster (T. Doan, pers. comm. 30 Apr 2012). Not in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, or Guyana either, fide Fernandes et al. 2002: 11 (Fig. 5, map). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Type species: Coluber Cobella LINNAEUS 1758 is the type species of the genus Liophis WAGLER 1830: 187 (by subsequent designation: Fitzinger, 1843: 26, Amaral, 1926: 78, Stejneger 1936: 139). Liophis is paraphyletic fide Curcio et al. (2009) and Zaher et al. (2009). Zaher et al. 2009 synonymized Erythrolamprus with Liophis and Grazziotin et al. (2012) considered Liophis as a synonym of Erythrolamprus. This was tentatively confirmed by Torres-Carvajal 2020 who considered a resurrection of Liophis premature but a possibility when more data becomes available. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek cobele (κωβήλη), needle. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1925. South American snakes in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 67 (24): 1-30 - get paper here
  • Auguste, Renoir J. 2019. Herpetofaunal checklist for six pilot protected areas in Trinidad and Tobago. Herpetology Notes 12: 577-585 - get paper here
  • Beebe, William 1946. Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana, and Caripito, Venezuela. Zoologica 31: 11-52 - get paper here
  • Boos, H.E.A. 2001. The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. Texas A&M University Press, 270 pp.
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
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  • CURCIO, FELIPE F.; VÍTOR DE Q. PIACENTINI & DANIEL S. FERNANDES 2009. On the status of the snake genera Erythrolamprus Boie, Liophis Wagler and Lygophis Fitzinger (Serpentes, Xenodontinae). Zootaxa 2173: 66-68 - get paper here
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