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Erythrolamprus frenatus (WERNER, 1909)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Swamp Liophis
Portuguese: Cobra-D’água, Falsa-Coral, Parelheira 
SynonymRhadinaea frenata WERNER 1909: 224
Rhadinaea brazili AMARAL 1923: 87
Liophis brazili AMARAL 1926: 103
Liophis brazili — AMARAL 1926: 9
Liophis frenata — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 177
Liophis frenatus — VANZOLINI in PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1986
Liophis frenatus — GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002
Erythrolamprus frenatus — GRAZZIOTIN et al. 2012
Liophis frenatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 382
Erythrolamprus frenatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Goias, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo, and S Minas Gerais), Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes: HR 33: 228)

Type locality: Paraguay

brazili: Brazil (Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo); Type locality: Julio Pontes, São Paulo, Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMH (missing fide HALLERMANN 1998). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Differs from all the members of Liophis cobella group by presenting more than 182 ventral scales. It is further distinguished from Liophis breviceps by having usually 8 supralabials and more than 16 maxillary teeth (from FERNANDES et al. 2002).


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CommentAMARAL (1929: 23) suggested that this species might be synonymous with L. brazili. DIXON (1989) synonymized brazili with frenatus.

Distribution: see map in Fernandes et al. 2002: 11 (Fig. 5). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin frenum, bridle, rein + Latin- atus, state or condition of. (WERNER 1909, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proc. New England Zool. Club 8: 85-105 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1926. Novos gêneros e expécies de ophidios brasileiros. Arch. Mus. Nac. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro 26: 1-27
  • Amaral, A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 1-68 [1929] - get paper here
  • ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. Herpetofauna de um remanescente de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): 47-62 - get paper here
  • Batista, Silara F; Rodrigo R Scartozzoni, Otavio A V Marques 2020. Food habits and substrate use by the South American xenodontine snake Erythrolamprus frenatus, with comments on its brightly-coloured venter. Herpetology Notes 13: 405-409 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 1989. A key and checklist to the neotropical snake genus Liophis with country lists and maps. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (79): 1-40 - get paper here
  • Fernandes, D. S. ; Germano, V. J. ; Fernandes, R. ; Franco, F. L. 2002. Taxonomic status of the lowland species of the Liophis cobella group with comments on the species of the Venenzuelan Tepuis (Serpentes, Colubridae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 481: 1-14
  • Giraudo, A. R., and G. J. Scrocchi 2002. Argentinian Snakes: An Annotated Checklist. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (132): 1-53 - get paper here
  • Giraudo,A.R. 1999. New records of snakes from Argentina. Herpetological Review 30 (3): 179-181 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Grazziotin, Felipe G.; Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Gustavo Scrocchi, Marco A. Benavides, Ya-Ping Zhang and Sandro L. Bonatto 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the New World Dipsadidae (Serpentes: Colubroidea): a reappraisal. Cladistics DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00393.x - get paper here
  • Hallermann, J. 1998. Annotated catalogue of the type specimens of the herpetological collection in the Zoological Museum of the University of Hamburg. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst 95: 197-223.
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W. et al. 2007. Herpetofauna, Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant, state of Goiás, Brazil. Check List 3 (4): 338-345 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner,F. 1909. Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Jahrb. Hamb. wiss. Anst. suppl. 2 (Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamb. 1908) 26: 205-247 - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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