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Exiliboa placata BOGERT, 1968

IUCN Red List - Exiliboa placata - Vulnerable, VU

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Higher TaxaBoidae (Charinaidae, Ungaliophiinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Oaxacan Dwarf Boa
G: Oaxaca-Zwerg Boa
S: Boa Enana Oaxaqueña 
SynonymExiliboa placata BOGERT 1968: 6
Exiliboa placata — LINER 1994
Exiliboa placata — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 215
Exiliboa placata — GOWER et al. 2012: 65
Exiliboa placata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 293
Exiliboa placata — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 31 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca)

Type locality: 17°37’N, 96°25’W on the headwaters of the Rio Valle Nacional, northern slopes of the Sierra de Juárez, elevation 2300 m.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: AMNH 100 000, female 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS (GENUS): “A small, nearly unicolored, prehensile-tailed boa, characterized by its possession of a large azygous internasal in broad contact with the rostral, and flanked on each side by a single nasal. This peculiar configuration of the scales readily distinguishes Exiliboa from Ungaliophis and from Tropidophis, al members of which have paired internasals and divided nasal plates (fig. 1). Exiliboa retains a pair of prefrontals in contrast to the azygous prefrontal of Ungaliophis, and the two pairs of prefrontals normally present on Tropidophis. The loreal is retained by Exiliboa, whereas it is absent from, or fused with the anterior prefrontal of, Tropidophis. The mental groove of Exiliboa is bordered by only three pairs of shields, but the groove is bordered by four scales in Ungaliophis and by four or five in Tropidophis. Furthermore, the female of Exiliboa differs from that of other dwarf boas in its retention of external vestiges of limbs. “ (Bogert 1968)


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CommentHigher Taxa: Wilcox et al. (2002) extablished a new family for Exiliboa and Ungaliophis, Ungaliophiidae, based on DNA sequence analysis. More recent authors (e.g. Pyron et al. 2013) grouped Exiliboa, Ungaliophis, Charina, and Lichanura into Ungaliophiinae which is basal to most other boids.

Type species: Exiliboa placata BOGERT 1968 is the type species of the genus Exiliboa BOGERT 1968. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin placata, kindly disposed; peaceful, calm. [“...When the rock was overturned the snake was motionless, but it evidently had been crawling through a passageway in the rocky soil...”].

The genus was named after Latin exilis, small, thin; poor + Latin Boa, snake genus due to Linnaeus, 1758. ["...A small, nearly unicolored, prehensile-tailed boa…"]. 
References
  • Bogert, Charles M. 1968. A new genus and species of Dwarf Boas from Southern Mexico. American Museum Novitates (2354): 1-38 - get paper here
  • Campbell J A; Camarillo R J L 1992. The Oaxacan dwarf boa, Exiliboa placata (Serpentes, Tropidophiidae): descriptive notes and life history. Carib. J. Sci. 28: 17-20
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br>144 p..
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Johnson, J. D., L. D. Wilson, V. Mata-Silva, E. García-Padilla, and D. L. DeSantis. 2017. The endemic herpetofauna of Mexico: organisms of global significance in severe peril. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 544–620 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Underwood, G. 2002. On the rictal structures of some snakes. Herpetologica 58 (1): 1-17 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilcox, T.P.; Derrick J. Zwickl; Tracy A. Heath and David M. Hillis 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25 (2): 361-371 - get paper here
 
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