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Farancia erytrogramma (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, 1802)

IUCN Red List - Farancia erytrogramma - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesFarancia erytrogramma erytrogramma (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS 1802)
Farancia erytrogramma seminola NEILL 1964 
Common NamesE: erytrogramma: Rainbow Snake
seminola: South Florida Rainbow Snake
G: Regenbogennatter 
SynonymColuber erythrogrammus DAUDIN 1803: 93
Natrix erythrogrammus — MERREM 1820: 117
Homalopsis erythrogrammus — BOIE 1827: 528
Helicops erythrogrammus — WAGLER 1830: 170
Duberria ancoralis BERTHOLD 1842: 22
Calopisma erythrogrammum — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 337
Abastor erythrogrammus — GRAY 1849: 78
Hydrops erythrogrammus — GARMAN 1884: 35
Abastor erythrogrammus — COPE 1900: 738
Abastor erythrogramus — COCHRAN 1952 (fide LINER 2004)
Abastor erythrogrammus — COOPER 1967
Farancia erytrogramma — CROTHER 2000: 62
Farancia erytrogramma — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 130
Farancia erytrogramma — WALLACH et al. 2014: 295

Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma (PALISSOT DE BEAUVOIS in: LATREILLE 1802)
Homolopsis parviceps BLYTH 1854: 301 (fide BAUER & DAS 1999)
Abastor erytrogrammus — THEOBALD 1868
Hydrops erythrogrammus — SCLATER 1891
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 183
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — CROTHER 2000: 62
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 297
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — GUYER et al. 2018

Farancia erytrogramma seminola NEILL 1964
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 183
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — CROTHER 2000: 62
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — CROTHER et al. 2012
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 299 
DistributionUSA (SE Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, N Florida, South Carolina, S/E North Carolina, E Virginia, S Maryland)

erytrogramma: USA (Virginia); Type locality: États Unis d’Amerique

seminola: USA (Florida)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: unlocated, present location unknown (presumably lost) (A.M.F.J. Palisot de Beauvois) (fide V. Wallach, pers. comm.)
Holotype: UF (formerly Florida State Museum of Natural History) [seminola]
Holotype: ZFMK 36992 [Duberria ancoralis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2181 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentIn: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 4 fide DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854.

Conservation: Farancia erytrogramma seminola NEILL 1964 is most likely extinct now. The subspecies is only known from 3 specimens that have been caught between 1949 and 1952.

Diet: American eels 
EtymologyNamed after Greek erythros = red and Greek gramma = written, marked or lined — referring to the distibution of black pigment around red scales and longitudinal red stripes (after Beltz 2006). 
References
  • Auth, David L. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma. Herpetological Review 28 (3): 159 - get paper here
  • Beane, J C 2019. New geographic distribution records for reptiles from North Carolina, USA. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 538-542 - get paper here
  • Blyth, EDWARD. 1855. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 23 (3): 287-302 [1854] - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Boie, F. 1827. Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20: 508-566. - get paper here
  • Camper, Jeffrey D. 2019. The Reptiles of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, 288 pp. [review in Copeia 107 (3): 590, 2019] - get paper here
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  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cooper, J. 1967. Another Rainbow Snake, Abastor erythrogrammus, from Maryland. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 3 (3): 72 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
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  • DURSO, A. M., AND A. LAVERICK 2020. Farancia erytrogramma (Rainbow Snake). Terrestrial Overwintering/Ecdysis. Herpetological Review 51: 618-619.
  • DURSO, ANDREW M. & ANTHONY LAVERICK. 2021. FARANCIA ERYTROGRAMMA (Rainbow Snake). PLASTIC MESH ENTANGLEMENT. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 157. - get paper here
  • Enge, Kevin M. 2009. Venomous and non-venomous snakes of Florida. Publication of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. 16 pp.
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  • Garst, David and Willson, John D. 2016. Farancia erytrogramma (Rainbow Snake) Seasonal activity. Herpetological Review 47 (4): 682-683 - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J. W.;Coker, J. W.;T. M. Murphy, Jr. 1977. Selected aspects of the life history of the rainbow snake (Farancia erytrogramma). Herpetologica 33 (3): 276-281 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1849. Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Edward Newman, London, i-xv; 1-125. - get paper here
  • Gutsche, Alexander 2012. Vermisst. Südliche Florida-Regenbogennatter (Farancia erytrogramma seminola). Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (1): 98- - get paper here
  • Guyer, Craig; Mark A. Bailey, and Robert H. Mount 2018. Lizards and snakes of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, 397 pp. - get paper here
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  • Lönnberg, Einar 1894. Notes on reptiles and batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 17 (1003): 317-339 - get paper here
  • McVay, John David; Bryan Carstens 2013. Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 68, Issue 3, September 2013, Pages 425–431 - get paper here
  • Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living snakes of the world in color. Sterling Publ. Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp.
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  • Metrolis, A.P. 1971. A Feeding Observation on the Rainbow Snake (Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma) Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 7(2): 41. - get paper here
  • Mitchell J C 1982. Farancia erytrogramma Palisot de Beauvois. Rainbow snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 293: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Mitchell J C 1982. Farancia Gray. Mud and rainbow snakes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 292: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Mitchell, J. C. & Reay, K.K. 1999. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Virginia. Specialty Publication 1, VA Dept of Game and Fisheries, 122 pp. - get paper here
  • Mitchell, J.C. 1994. The reptiles of Virginia. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, ca. 350 pp.
  • Neill, W.T. 1964. Taxonomy, natural history, and zoogeography of the rainbow snake, Farancia erytrogramma (Palisot de Beauvois). American Midland Naturalist 71: 257-295 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Palmer, W.M. & Braswell, A.L. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. Univ. North Carolina Press
  • PAYNE, R., J. D. MAYS, AND D. A. STEEN 2020. Geographic Distribution: Farancia erytrogramma (Rainbow Snake). USA: Florida: Flagler Co. Herpetological Review 51: 545.
  • Perry, David A. 2013. Virginia Herpetological Society Survey of Back Bay NWR and False Cape State Park. Catesbeiana 33 (2): 48-61 - get paper here
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  • Richmond, Neil D. 1945. The habits of the rainbow snake in Virginia. Copeia 1945 (1): 28-30 - get paper here
  • Richmond, Neil D. 1954. Variation and sexual dimorphism in hatchlings of the rainbow snake, Abastor erythrogrammus. Copeia 1954 (2): 87-92 - get paper here
  • Saunders, Charles 2008. Status of the Rainbow Snake, Farancia erytrogramma in Southern Maryland. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 44 (4): 122 - get paper here
  • Sclater,W.L. 1891. Notes on a collection of snakes in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of several new species. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal LX: 230-250 - get paper here
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  • Wagler, Jean G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. 1.0. Cotta, München, Stuttgart, and Tübingen, 354 pp. [1830-1832] - get paper here
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