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Farancia erytrogramma (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, 1802)

IUCN Red List - Farancia erytrogramma - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesFarancia erytrogramma erytrogramma (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS 1802)
Farancia erytrogramma seminola NEILL 1964 
Common NamesE: erytrogramma: Rainbow Snake
seminola: South Florida Rainbow Snake
G: Regenbogennatter 
SynonymColuber erythrogrammus DAUDIN 1803: 93
Natrix erythrogrammus — MERREM 1820: 117
Homalopsis erythrogrammus — BOIE 1827: 528
Helicops erythrogrammus — WAGLER 1830: 170
Duberria ancoralis BERTHOLD 1842: 22
Calopisma erythrogrammum — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 337
Abastor erythrogrammus — GRAY 1849: 78
Hydrops erythrogrammus — GARMAN 1884: 35
Abastor erythrogrammus — COPE 1900: 738
Abastor erythrogramus — COCHRAN 1952 (fide LINER 2004)
Abastor erythrogrammus — COOPER 1967
Farancia erytrogramma — CROTHER 2000: 62
Farancia erytrogramma — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 130
Farancia erytrogramma — WALLACH et al. 2014: 295

Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma (PALISSOT DE BEAUVOIS in: LATREILLE 1802)
Homolopsis parviceps BLYTH 1854: 301 (fide BAUER & DAS 1999)
Abastor erytrogrammus — THEOBALD 1868
Hydrops erythrogrammus — SCLATER 1891
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 183
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — CROTHER 2000: 62
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 297
Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma — GUYER et al. 2018

Farancia erytrogramma seminola NEILL 1964
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 183
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — CROTHER 2000: 62
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — CROTHER et al. 2012
Farancia erytrogramma seminola — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 299 
DistributionUSA (SE Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, N Florida, South Carolina, S/E North Carolina, E Virginia, S Maryland)

erytrogramma: USA (Virginia); Type locality: États Unis d’Amerique

seminola: USA (Florida)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: unlocated, present location unknown (presumably lost) (A.M.F.J. Palisot de Beauvois) (fide V. Wallach, pers. comm.)
Holotype: UF (formerly Florida State Museum of Natural History) [seminola]
Holotype: ZFMK 36992 [Duberria ancoralis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2181 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentIn: Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Vol. 4 fide DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854.

Conservation: Farancia erytrogramma seminola NEILL 1964 is most likely extinct now. The subspecies is only known from 3 specimens that have been caught between 1949 and 1952.

Diet: American eels 
EtymologyNamed after Greek erythros = red and Greek gramma = written, marked or lined — referring to the distibution of black pigment around red scales and longitudinal red stripes (after Beltz 2006). 
References
  • Auth, David L. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma. Herpetological Review 28 (3): 159 - get paper here
  • Beane, J C 2019. New geographic distribution records for reptiles from North Carolina, USA. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 538-542 - get paper here
  • Blyth, EDWARD. 1855. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little known [part 2]. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 23 (3): 287-302 [1854] - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Boie, F. 1827. Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20: 508-566. - get paper here
  • Camper, Jeffrey D. 2019. The Reptiles of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, 288 pp. [review in Copeia 107 (3): 590, 2019] - get paper here
  • Cochran, D.M. 1954. Our snake friends and foes. National Geographic 106(3):334-364
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cooper, J. 1967. Another Rainbow Snake, Abastor erythrogrammus, from Maryland. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 3 (3): 72 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Daudin, F. M. 1803. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Reptiles. vol. 7. Paris: Dufart, 436 pp. [publication date fide Harper 1940] - get paper here
  • DURSO, A. M., AND A. LAVERICK 2020. Farancia erytrogramma (Rainbow Snake). Terrestrial Overwintering/Ecdysis. Herpetological Review 51: 618-619.
  • DURSO, ANDREW M. & ANTHONY LAVERICK. 2021. FARANCIA ERYTROGRAMMA (Rainbow Snake). PLASTIC MESH ENTANGLEMENT. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 157. - get paper here
  • Enge, Kevin M. 2009. Venomous and non-venomous snakes of Florida. Publication of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. 16 pp.
  • Ernst, C.H. & Ernst, E.M. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, 668 pp.
  • Ernst, C.H., & Barbour, R.W. 1989. Snakes of eastern North America. George Mason Univ. Press, Fairfax, VA 282 pp.
  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
  • Garst, David and Willson, John D. 2016. Farancia erytrogramma (Rainbow Snake) Seasonal activity. Herpetological Review 47 (4): 682-683 - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J. W.;Coker, J. W.;T. M. Murphy, Jr. 1977. Selected aspects of the life history of the rainbow snake (Farancia erytrogramma). Herpetologica 33 (3): 276-281 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1849. Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Edward Newman, London, i-xv; 1-125. - get paper here
  • Gutsche, Alexander 2012. Vermisst. Südliche Florida-Regenbogennatter (Farancia erytrogramma seminola). Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (1): 98- - get paper here
  • Guyer, Craig; Mark A. Bailey, and Robert H. Mount 2018. Lizards and snakes of Alabama. University of Alabama Press, 397 pp. - get paper here
  • Jensen, John B.; Carlos D. Camp, Whit Gibbons, & Matt J. Elliott 2008. Amphibians and reptiles of Georgia. University of Georgia Press, 575 pp.
  • Linzey, D.W., & Clifford, M.J. 1981. Snakes of Virgina. Univ. Press of Virginia, Charlottesville 159 pp.
  • Lönnberg, Einar 1894. Notes on reptiles and batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 17 (1003): 317-339 - get paper here
  • McVay, John David; Bryan Carstens 2013. Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 68, Issue 3, September 2013, Pages 425–431 - get paper here
  • Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living snakes of the world in color. Sterling Publ. Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp.
  • Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien I (Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum). J. C. Kriegeri, Marburg, 191 pp. - get paper here
  • Metrolis, A.P. 1971. A Feeding Observation on the Rainbow Snake (Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma) Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 7(2): 41. - get paper here
  • Mitchell J C 1982. Farancia Gray. Mud and rainbow snakes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 292: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Mitchell J C 1982. Farancia erytrogramma Palisot de Beauvois. Rainbow snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 293: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Mitchell, J. C. & Reay, K.K. 1999. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Virginia. Specialty Publication 1, VA Dept of Game and Fisheries, 122 pp. - get paper here
  • Mitchell, J.C. 1994. The reptiles of Virginia. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, ca. 350 pp.
  • Neill, W.T. 1964. Taxonomy, natural history, and zoogeography of the rainbow snake, Farancia erytrogramma (Palisot de Beauvois). American Midland Naturalist 71: 257-295 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Palmer, W.M. & Braswell, A.L. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. Univ. North Carolina Press
  • PAYNE, R., J. D. MAYS, AND D. A. STEEN 2020. Geographic Distribution: Farancia erytrogramma (Rainbow Snake). USA: Florida: Flagler Co. Herpetological Review 51: 545.
  • Perry, David A. 2013. Virginia Herpetological Society Survey of Back Bay NWR and False Cape State Park. Catesbeiana 33 (2): 48-61 - get paper here
  • Preston, Robert, Jr. and Dirk J. Stevenson. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Farancia erytrogramma (rainbow snake). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 394 - get paper here
  • Richmond, Neil D. 1945. The habits of the rainbow snake in Virginia. Copeia 1945 (1): 28-30 - get paper here
  • Richmond, Neil D. 1954. Variation and sexual dimorphism in hatchlings of the rainbow snake, Abastor erythrogrammus. Copeia 1954 (2): 87-92 - get paper here
  • Saunders, Charles 2008. Status of the Rainbow Snake, Farancia erytrogramma in Southern Maryland. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 44 (4): 122 - get paper here
  • Sclater,W.L. 1891. Notes on a collection of snakes in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of several new species. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal LX: 230-250 - get paper here
  • Sonnini de Manoncourt, C.S. and Latreille, P.A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, avec Figures Dessinees d'Apres Nature. 3. Paris, Librairie encyclopédique de Roret, 332 pp. - get paper here
  • Steen, David A., Dirk J. Stevenson, Jeffrey C. Beane, John D. Willson, Matthew J. Aresco, James C. Godwin, Sean P. Graham, Lora J. Smith, Jennifer M. Howse, D. Craig Rudolph, Josh B. Pierce, James R. Lee, Beau B. Gregory, John Jensen, Sierra H. Stile 2013. Terrestrial movements of the red-bellied mudsnake (Farancia abacura) and rainbow snake (F. erytrogramma). Herpetological Review 44 (2): 208-213 - get paper here
  • Stevenson, D. J. & Frank, P. G., Jr. 2012. Geographic distribution: Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma (common rainbow snake). Herpetological Review 43: 620 - get paper here
  • STEVENSON, DIRK J. et al. 2021. New County Records for Amphibians and Reptiles in Georgia, USA. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 350-359
  • Stohlgren, K. et al. 2012. FHF snapshot. HerpNation (9): 15-18 - get paper here
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Theobald, WILLIAM 1868. Catalogue of reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 37 (extra number 146): (2), vi, 7-88 - get paper here
  • Van Hyning, O. 1931. Reproduction of Some Florida Snakes. Copeia 1931 (2): 59-60 - get paper here
  • Wagler, Jean G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. 1.0. Cotta, München, Stuttgart, and Tübingen, 354 pp. [1830-1832] - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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