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Furcifer major (BRYGOO, 1971)

IUCN Red List - Furcifer major - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymChamaeleo lateralis major BRYGOO 1971: 164
Furcifer lateralis major — KLAVER & BÖHME 1997
Furcifer major — FLORIO et al. 2012 
DistributionSW Madagascar

Type locality: Tanandava, Madagascar.  
Reproductionoviparous (phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 457/C 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Florio et al. 2012 elevated F. l. major to species status without providing much detail. However, they do state that “Brygoo’s (1971) description of F. lateralis major from Tanandava, south-western Madagascar, closely corresponds with the morphology of the southern group recovered in their study. These individuals have higher head casques and have a larger SVL.”

Synonymy: KLAVER & BÖHME 1997 listed major as a synonym of F. lateralis. 
EtymologyNamed after L.: major/or/us (comparative of magnus = large) : larger, denoting the larger body dimensions as compared with the nominal form originally major was decribed as a subspecies of lateralis (Charles Klaver, pers. comm., 11 Jan 2023). 
References
  • Angel, F. 1921. Contribution à l´étude des Chamaeleons de Madagascar. Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. nat., Paris 27(5-6): 328-331, 406-412. - get paper here
  • Anonymous 1983. Das Teppichchamäleon. Herpetofauna 5 (25): 15 - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas 1918. Vertebrata from Madagascar. 2. Amphibia and Reptilia. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 61 (14): 479-489. - get paper here
  • Belluardo F, Quirós DD, Lobón-Rovira J, Rosa GM, Rasoazanany M, Andreone F, Crottini A 2021. Uncovering the herpetological diversity of small forest fragments in south-eastern Madagascar (Haute Matsiatra). Zoosystematics and Evolution 97(2): 315-343 - get paper here
  • Böhle, A. 1998. Einige Bemerkungen zu Furcifer lateralis “maior”. CHAMAELEO 20: 8-9 [AG Chamäleons Mitteilungsblatt]
  • Böhle, A. 2004. Eine Reise durch das madagassische Hochland. Draco 5 (19): 82-86 - get paper here
  • Boumans, Louis; David R. Vieites, Frank Glaw and Miguel Vences 2007. Geographical patterns of deep mitochondrial differentiation in widespread Malagasy reptiles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (3): 822-839 - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1971. Reptiles Sauriens Chamaeleonidae. Genre Chamaeleo. Faune de Madagascar, ORSTOM et CNRS, Paris 33: 1-318.
  • Cocca, W., G. M. Rosa, F. Andreone, G. Aprea, P. E. Bergò, F. Mattioli, V. Mercurio, J. E. Randrianirina, D. Rosado, M. Vences & A. Crottini 2018. The herpetofauna (Amphibia, Crocodylia, Squamata, Testudines) of the Isalo Massif, Southwest Madagascar: combining morphological, molecular and museum data. Salamandra 54 (3): 178-200 plus Supplementary Material - get paper here
  • D'Cruze, Neil; Annette Olsonn, David Henson, Sunil Kumar, and David Emmett. 2009. The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Lower Onilahy River Valley, a Temporary Protected Area in Southwest Madagascar. Herp. Cons. Biol. 4: 62-79 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M. C. and G. Bibron. 1836. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • FLORIO, A. M., INGRAM, C. M., RAKOTONDRAVONY, H. A., LOUIS, E. E. and RAXWORTHY, C. J. 2012. Detecting cryptic speciation in the widespread and morphologically conservative carpet chameleon (Furcifer lateralis) of Madagascar. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25: 1399–1414. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02528.x - get paper here
  • Gehring, P.S. & Witte, K. 2007. Ultraviolet reflectance in malagasy chameleons of the genus Furcifer (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Salamandra 43 (1): 43-48 - get paper here
  • Glaw ,F. & Vences, M. 1994. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences & Glaw Verlag, Köln (ISBN 3-929449-01-3)
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [V Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp. [1830] - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Chamaeleonidae, with the description of some new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 340-354 - get paper here
  • Klaver, Ch. J.J. & Böhme,W. 1997. Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich, 112: XIV, 1-85
  • Krüger, Jens 1999. Neue Erkenntnisse zur Faunistik einiger Reptilien Madagaskars. Salamandra 35 (2): 65-76 - get paper here
  • Leptien, R. 2003. Getting started keeping chameleons. Reptilia (GB) (26): 11-14 - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, N.; Kremer, G.; van Steendam, N. & Flamme, A. 2004. Auf Chamäleonsuche entlang der Route National 2 von Antananarivo bis an die Ostküste bei Ambila-Lemaitso. [Madagascar]. Draco 5 (19): 50--55 - get paper here
  • Martinez Carrión, P. 2004. Furcifer lateralis. Reptilia (GB) (36): 39-42 - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br>ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • RAXWORTHY, C.J.; ENRIQUE MARTINEZ-MEYER; NED HORNING; RONALD A. NUSSBAUM; GREGORY E. SCHNEIDER; MIGUEL A. ORTEGA-HUERTA & A. TOWNSEND PETERSON 2003. Predicting distributions of known and unknown reptile species in Madagascar. Nature 426: 837 - 841 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W. 1986. Über die Haltung und Zucht von Chamaeleo lateralis (GRAY, 1831). Salamandra 22 (1): 105-112 - get paper here
  • SCHMIDT, W. 2001. Haltung und Zucht von Furcifer lateralis in mehreren Generationen. Mitteilungsblatt AG Chamäleons 22: 9-10 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Van Beest, Piet 2004. Herpetologische waarnemingen op Madagascar - deel 1. Lacerta 62 (2):48-55 - get paper here
  • van Hoof, J. et al. 2006. Kameleons, een fascinerende hobby. Lacerta 64 (5-6): 1-96 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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