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Gekko lionotum (ANNANDALE, 1905)

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Smooth-backed Gliding Gecko, Burmese Flying Gecko, Burmese Parachute Gecko
G: Birma-Faltengecko 
SynonymPtychozoon homalocephalum var. lionotum ANNANDALE 1905
Ptychozoon lionatum [sic] — TAYLOR 1963: 807
Ptychozoon lionatum — HEYER & PONGSAPIPATANA 1970
Ptychozoon lionotum — KLUGE 1993
Ptychozoon lionotum — RÖSLER 1995: 150
Ptychozoon lionotum — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 247
Ptychozoon lionotum — COX et al. 1998: 81
Ptychozoon lionotum — CHAN-ARD et al. 1999: 132
Ptychozoon lionatum [sic] — GRISMER et al. 2007
Ptychozoon lionotum — RÖSLER 2018: 10
Ptychozoon lionotum — GRISMER et al. 2019: 186
Gekko (Ptychozoon) lionotum — WOOD et al. 2019
Gekko (Ptychozoon) lionotum — WOOD et al. 2020 
DistributionS Myanmar (= Burma); NE Laos, India (Mizoram), Bangladesh

Type locality: Pegu [administrative district, Myanmar (= Burma)]. Restricted to Hpa Lon, Taikkyi Township, Yangon (north) District, Yangon Division, Myanmar (17.44552°N 95.91485°E, 20 m in elevation, by Grismer et al. 2019: 186 and Fig. 1.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntype: ZSI 2601–02 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Ptychozoon lionotum differs from all other species of Ptychozoon by having the following unique combination of characters: a maximum SVL of 95.9 mm; supranasals not in contact; 7–9 supralabials; 9–11 infral- abials; infra-auricular cutaneous flap present; absent to weak supra-auricular ridge; no dorsal or caudal tubercles; imbricate parachute support scales on dorsal surface of patagia; no prominently raised ridges on ventral surface of patagia; 73–81 midbody dorsal scales; 35–38 ventral scales; an emargination between the pre-antebrachial flap and digit I; no enlarged femoral scales; 20–22 pore-bearing precloacal scales in males; 23 or 24 enlarged precloa- cal scales; five rows of enlarged post-precloacal scales; 16 or 17 transverse subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; slightly enlarged dorsal caudal scales forming intermittent whorls weak to absent; approximately 29–34 scales across the widest portion of the caudal flap; distal lobes fusing to form a short, narrow, caudal flap; edges of caudal flap smooth; caudal lobes angled posteriorly; caudal lobes showing minimal posterior reduction in size; postorbital striping variable; four dark body bands between limb insertions; and irregularly shaped, white, vertebral markings (Tables 4, 5, 9, Grismer et al. 2019). 
CommentDistribution: populations from Thailand (Ramri, Phang Nga), Vietnam, Cambodia, West Malaysia (Johor: Pulau Sibu) have been split off as other species. See Grismer et al. 2019 for details. 
References
  • Annandale, N. 1905. Notes on some Oriental geckos in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, with descriptions of new tons. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 15:26-32 - get paper here
  • Annandale, N. 1905. Additions to the Collection of Oriental Snakes in the Indian Museum, Part 3. J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, new Ser., 1 (8): 208-214 [1906] - get paper here
  • Barts, M. & Hulbert, F. 2004. Die Geckos der Welt. Draco 5 (18): 4-17 - get paper here
  • Bhuiyan, M. R. K., Rabbe, M. F., Jaman, M. F., Das, A. K., & Mohsanin, S. 2020. A new country record of Smooth-backed Gliding Gecko Gekko lionotum (Annan-dale, 1905)(Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12(15), 17161-17164 - get paper here
  • Brown, Rafe M. 1999. New species of parachute gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: genus Ptychozoon) from northeastern Thailand and central Vietnam. Copeia 1999 (4): 990-1001 - get paper here
  • Brown, Rafe M., John W. Ferner and Arvin C. Diesmos. 1997. Definition of the Philippine Parachute Gecko, Ptychozoon intermedium Taylor 1915 (Reptilia: Squamata: gekkonidae): Redescription, designation of a neotype, and comparisons with related species. Herpetologica 53 (3): 357-373. - get paper here
  • Brown, Rafe M.; Cameron D. Siler, L. Lee Grismer, Indraneil Das, Jimmy A. McGuire 2013. Phylogeny and cryptic diversification in Southeast Asian flying geckos. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (2):351-361 [2012] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Das, I. & Vijayakumar, S.P. 2009. New species of Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Nicobar Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 2095: 8–20 - get paper here
  • Dring J C M 1979. Amphibians and reptiles from northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with descriptions of two new geckos: Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus. Bulletin of the British Museum (NATURAL HISTORY) ZOOLOGY 34 (5): 181-241 - get paper here
  • Geissler, P., Hartmann, T., Ihlow, F., Neang T., Seng R., Wagner, P. & Bohme, W. 2019. Herpetofauna of the Phnom Kulen National Park, northern Cambodia—An annotated checklist. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2019 (1): 40–63 - get paper here
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; & EVAN S. H. QUAH 2019. An updated and annotated checklist of the lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and their adjacent archipelagos. Zootaxa 4545 (2): 230–248 - get paper here
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; PERRY L. JR. WOOD, MYINT KYAW THURA, MARTA S. GRISMER, RAFE M. BROWN, BRYAN L. STUART 2018. Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar. Zootaxa 4514 (2): 202–214 - get paper here
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; PERRY L. WOOD JR., JESSE L. GRISMER, EVAN S. H. QUAH, NEANG THY, SOMPHOUTHONE PHIMMACHAK, NIANE SIVONGXAY, SENGVILAY SEATEUN, BRYAN L. STUART, CAMERON B. SILER, DANIEL G. MULCAHY, TASHITSO ANAMZA & RAFE M. BROWN 2019. Geographic structure of genetic variation in the Parachute Gecko Ptychozoon lionotum Annandale, 1905 across Indochina and Sundaland with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4638 (2): 151–198 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L. 2011. Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and their adjacent archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 728 pp. [review in Herp. Rev. 43: 155] - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L., Neang, T., Chav, T. & Grismer, J.L. 2008. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Cardamom region of Southwestern Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2008(1): 12–28 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, W. 2009. Faltengeckos Ptychozoon kuhli & Ptychozoon lionotum. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Grossmann,W. & Tillack,F. 2001. Bemerkungen zur Herpetofauna des Khao Lak, Phang Nga, thailändische Halbinsel. Teil III: Ergebnisse der Jahre 1999 und 2000. Sauria 23 (3): 21-34 - get paper here
  • Heyer, W. R., and S. Pongsapipatana. 1970. Gliding speeds of Ptychozoon lionatum (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)and Chrysopelea ornata (Reptilia: Colubridae). Herpetologica 26(3): 317-319 - get paper here
  • Lalremsanga, H.T., L. Khawlhring & Lalrotluanga 2010. Three additional lizard (Squamata: Sauria) records for Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2(2): 718-720 - get paper here
  • Lalremsanga, Hmar Tlawmte; Lal Muansanga, Mathipi Vabeiryureilai & Zeeshan A. Mirza 2023. A new species of Parachute Gecko of the subgenus Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from the Indo-Burma region. Salamandra 59 (2): 125–135 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. 1982. Die Gattung Ptychozoon, Teil 2 - Mit einem Bestimmungsschlüssel für die fünf Arten. Sauria 4 (3): 5-12 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. 1982. Die Gattung Ptychozoon, Teil 1 - Mit einem Bestimmungsschlüssel für die fünf Arten. Sauria 4 (2): 11-17 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • MANTHEY, U. & S. MANTHEY 2017. Amphibien und Reptilien von Laos – Ein Reisebericht – Teil 1: Phou Khao Khouay NBCA (Februar 1998). Sauria 39 (2): 35-55 - get paper here
  • Nabhitabhata, J., T. Chan-ard and Y. Chuaynkern 2000. Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bankok. 152pp.
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Pauwels,O.S.G. et al. 2000. Herpetological investigations in Phang-Nga Province, southern Peninsular Thailand, with a list of reptile species and notes on their biology. Dumerilia 4 (2): 123-154 - get paper here
  • Pawar, Samraat S. and Sayantan Biswas 2001. First record of the smooth-backed parachute gecko Ptychozoon lionotum Annandale 1905 from the Indian Mainland. Asiatic Herpetological Research. 9: 101-106 - get paper here
  • Rafe M. Brown, Cameron D. Siler, Indraneil Das, Yong Min 2012. Testing the phylogenetic affinities of Southeast Asia’s rarest geckos: Flap-legged geckos (Luperosaurus), Flying geckos (Ptychozoon) and their relationship to the pan-Asian genus Gekko. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 915-921 - get paper here
  • Rösler, Herbert 1995. Geckos der Welt - Alle Gattungen. Urania, Leipzig, 256 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Stuart, B.L. & Emmett, D.A. 2006. A Collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from the Cardamom Mountains, Southwestern Cambodia. Fieldiana Zool. N.S. (109): 1-27 - get paper here
  • Sumarli, Alex X.; L. Lee Grismer, Shahrul Anuar, Mohd Abdul Muin and Evan S.H. Quah 2015. First report on the amphibians and reptiles of a remote mountain, Gunung Tebu in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Check List 11 (4): 1679 - get paper here
  • SUMONTHA, MONTRI; OLIVIER S.G. PAUWELS, KIRATI KUNYA, CHAIWAT LIMLIKHITAKSORN, SIRICHAI RUKSUE, APIRAT TAOKRATOK, MICHEL ANSERMET & LAWAN CHANHOME 2012. A new species of Parachute Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: genus Ptychozoon) from Kaeng Krachan National Park, western Thailand. Zootaxa 3513: 68–78 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E.H. 1963. The lizards of Thailand. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44: 687-1077. - get paper here
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738. - get paper here
  • Wood Jr, Perry L.; Xianguang Guo, Scott L. Travers, Yong-Chao Su, Karen V. Olson, Aaron M. Bauer, L. Lee Grismer, Cameron D. Siler, Robert G. Moyle, Michael J. Andersen, Rafe M. Brown 2019. Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements. bioRxiv 717520 [preprint] - get paper here
  • Wood, P. L., Guo, X., Travers, S. L., Su, Y. C., Olson, K. V., Bauer, A. M., Grismer, L. L., Siler, C. D., Moyle, R. G., Andersen, M. J. and Brown, R. M. 2020. Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106731 [corrigendum: MPE 164: 107255] - get paper here
  • Wood, Perry L.; Timothy M. Youmans, Jesse L. Grismer, Jonathan Wheatley, Steven Wright, Cindy Valdivia, Armando Ponce, Linda Escobar, Suzannah Amin, Porshia Baker, Joanna Bernard, Stephany Looper, Nicholas Marsh, Linette Martin, Nicole Padilla, Rober 2004. First report of the herpetofauna of Pulau Sibu, Johor, West Malaysia. Hamadryad 28 (1&2): 116-119 - get paper here
 
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