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Geophis chalybeus (WAGLER, 1830)

IUCN Red List - Geophis chalybeus - Data Deficient, DD
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Veracruz Earth Snake
S: Minadora de Veracruz 
SynonymCatostoma chalybaeum WAGLER 1830: 194
Geophis chalybeus WAGLER 1830: 342
R(habdosoma) guttulatum COPE 1885: 385 (fide SMITH 1941)
E(lapoidis) chalybaeus — COPE 1885: 386
Geophis chalybaea — GÜNTHER 1893: 87
Geophis bicolor — GÜNTHER 1893: 91
Dirosema bicolor — BOULENGER, 1894: 298
Atractus chalybaeus — COPE 1900: 1232
Catasoma bicolor — AMARAL 1929: 191
Catostoma chalybaeum — AMARAL 1929: 191
Catostoma chalybeum — SLEVIN 1939: 404
Geophis chalybeus — LINER 1994
Geophis chalybeus — WILSON & TOWNSEND 2007: 7
Geophis chalybeus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 301 
DistributionMexico (Veracruz [HR 31: 185]), elevation ca. 1150 m.

Type locality: “Mexico.” The type locality of R. guttulatum Cope is “Vera Cruz.”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, was ZSM 1940/0, sex unknown, from "Mexiko", collector and date unknown, prior to 1858; Holotype said to be unknown fide Downs 1967: 36–40) but see Franzen & Glaw 2007 for a discussion of uncertainties regarding types. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Downs 1967: 58


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CommentType species: Catostoma chalybaeum WAGLER 1830 is the type species of the genus Geophis WAGLER 1830.

Synonymy after WILSON & TOWNSEND 2007.

The name Catostoma Wagler 1830 was first used for this genus, but was quickly substituted with the name Geophis by Wagler (1830) in the same work, in order to avoid confusion with the fish genus Catostomus Lesueur 1817. Smith et al. (1990) further clarified the nomenclatural priority of the name Geophis over Catostoma.

Key: Wilson 2007 provided a key to the species; an older key was presented by Downs 1967. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek chalybeis (χαλυβηΐς), of steel or iron. [“...Notaeo atro - chalybaeo...”].

The genus was apparently named after Greek gea (from γῆ, γῆς), earth, land + Greek ophis (ὄφῖς), a serpent, snake. 
References
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. A contribution to the herpetology of Mexico. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 379-404 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Downs, F. L. 1967. lntrageneric relations among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 131: 1-193. - get paper here
  • Franzen, M. & Glaw, F. 2007. Type catalogue of reptiles in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München. Spixiana 30 (2): 201-274 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Pérez-Higareda, Gonzalo;Smith, Hobart M. 1991. Ofidiofauna de Veracruz: Análisis Taxonomico y Zoogeográfico. Ophidiofauna of Veracruz: Taxonomical and Zoogeographical Analysis. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional de México, Publicaciones Especiales 7: 1-122
  • Slevin, Joseph Richard 1939. Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from Guatemala I. Snakes. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 23 (26): 393-414 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1941. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Geophis. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99 (19): 1-6 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M., Keneth L. Williams, Van Wallach and David Chiszar 1990. Nomenclatural priority of Geophis Wagler, 1830, over the simultaneously published synonym Catostoma Wagler, 1830 (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 26 (2): 68-71 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Wagler, Jean G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. 1.0. Cotta, München, Stuttgart, and Tübingen, 354 pp. [1830-1832] - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • WILSON, L.D. & J.H. TOWNSEND 2007. A checklist and key to the snakes of the genus Geophis (Squamata: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), with commentary on distribution and conservation. Zootaxa 1395: 1-31 - get paper here
 
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