Geophis carinosus STUART, 1941

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Keeled Earth Snake S: Minadora Carinada
Synonym	Geophis carinosus STUART 1941 Geophis carinosus — VILLA et al. 1988 Geophis carinosus — LINER 1994 Geophis carinosus — NIETO-MONTES DE OCA 2003 Geophis carinosus — WILSON & TOWNSEND 2007: 7 Geophis carinosus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 301
Distribution	SE Mexico (Oaxaca, Veracruz: Sierra de los Tuxtlas, adjacent Chiapas), Guatemala (Sierra de los Cuchamatanes in El Quiché and Huehuetenango) Type locality: Finca San Francisco, 27 km northeast of Nebaj, El Quiché, Guatemala, ca. 1175 m elevation.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: UMMZ 89082, adult male
Diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. A Geophis with 17 rows of heavily keeled dorsal scales on the body ancl tail, 6 supralabials, 120 abdominals, and 44 subcaudals. Slaty brown above;undersurfaces cream color, each abdominal scute with a dark brown anterior border. Distinguished from G. nasalis (Cope) as defined by Smith [1941] by the presence of keels on all dorsal scales of the tail and from G. sieboldii (Jan) by this same character and by fewer abdominal scutes [from STUART 1941].
Comment	Not listed in PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Distribution: see map in CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ et al. 2016: 133 (Fig. 1). Not in Yucatan state (Mexico), fide Gonzalez-Sanchez et al. 2017.
References	Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here Canseco-Márquez L, Pavón-Vázquez CJ, López-Luna MA, Nieto-Montes de Oca A 2016. A new species of earth snake (Dipsadidae, Geophis) from Mexico. ZooKeys 610: 131-145. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.610.8605 - get paper here Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F. Downs, F. L. 1967. lntrageneric relations among colubrid snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 131: 1-193. - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp. Lee, J. C. 2000. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, Lee, J.C. 1996. The amphibians and reptiles of the Yucatán Peninsula. Comstock, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 500 pp. Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here Muñoz-Alonso, Luis Antonio; Jorge Nieblas-Camacho,<br />Marina Alba Chau-Cortez, Alondra Berenice González-Navarro, Jaime López-Pérez & Juan Pérez-López 2017. Diversidad de anfibios y reptiles en la Reservade la Biosfera Selva El Ocote: su vulnerabilidad ante la fragmentación y el cambio climático. In: Lorena Ruiz-Montoya et al. (eds), Vulnerabilidad social y biológica ante el cambio climático en la Re El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, pp.395-448 - get paper here Nieto-Montes de Oca, A. 2003. A NEW SPECIES OF THE GEOPHIS DUBIUS GROUP (SQUAMATA: COLUBRIDAE) FROM THE SIERRA DE JUÁREZ OF OAXACA, MEXICO. Herpetologica 59 (4): 572-585 - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. 1941. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Geophis. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99 (19): 1-6 - get paper here Stuart,L.C. 1941. Some new snakes from Guatemala. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 452): 1-7 - get paper here Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here Townsend, J.H.; Wilson, L.D. 2006. A new species of snake of the Geophis dubius group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) from the sierra de Omoa of northwestern Honduras. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 119 (1): 150–159. - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. WILSON, L.D. & J.H. TOWNSEND 2007. A checklist and key to the snakes of the genus Geophis (Squamata: Colubridae: Dipsadinae), with commentary on distribution and conservation. Zootaxa 1395: 1-31 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/411417767749494/ Google images

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