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Gerrhonotus infernalis BAIRD, 1859

IUCN Red List - Gerrhonotus infernalis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAnguidae (Gerrhonotinae), Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Texas Alligator Lizard
S: Cantil de Tierra 
SynonymGerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis BAIRD 1859
Gerrhonotus infernalis BAIRD 1859: 255
Gerrhonotus infernalis — O’SHAUGHNESSY 1873: 46
Pterogasterus infernalis — COPE 1878: 96
Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis — COPE 1900: 517
Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis — SMITH 1946: 463
Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 204
Gerrhonotus liocephalus taylori TIHEN 1954
Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis — WERMUTH 1969: 20
Gerrhonotus liocephalus taylori — WERMUTH 1969: 21
Gerrhonotus liocephalus taylori — TANNER 1987
Gerrhonotus liocephalus aguayoi CONTRERAS-ARQUIETA 1989
Gerrhonotus liocephalus infernalis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 140
Gerrhonotus infernalis — GOOD 1994
Gerrhonotus infernalis — CROTHER 2000
Gerrhonotus taylori — LEMOS-ESPINAL et al. 2004
Gerrhonotus infernalis — BRYSON & LAZCANO 2005
Gerrhonotus taylori — LEMOS-ESPINAL & SMITH 2007
Gerrhonotus infernalis — CROTHER et al. 2012
Gerrhonotus taylori — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015
Gerrhonotus infernalis — GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ et al. 2018 
DistributionMexico (San Luis Potosí, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Durango, probably Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Querétaro, Guanajuato), USA (C Texas)

Type locality: Devils River, Texas.

taylori: Chihuahua, Mexico; Type locality: Clarines Mine, about 5 miles west of Santa Barbara, Chihuahua, Mexico, at an elevation of about 6800 feet.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 3090
Holotype: AMNH 67918 [taylori] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1635 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: Lemos-Espinal & Smith, 2007 and others continue to recognize Gerrhonotus taylori as a distinct species despite contravening evidence presented by Good (1994), who regarded G. taylori to be a junior synonym of G. infernalis. Good 1988 considered infernalis as synonym of G. liocephalus. More recently, G. taylori was not considered as a valid taxon by Liner and Casas-Andreu (2008) or Lavín-Murcio and Lazcano (2010), or by JONES & LOVICH (2009: 522).

Distribution: See map in García‐Vázquez et al. 2018: Fig. 3, Blair et al. 2021: Figure 1. 
EtymologyThe specific name infernalis is Latin for "underground" or "belonging to the lower regions," in reference to its secretive, semifossorial habits (Lemos-Espinal & Dixon 2013). 
References
  • Baird, S.F. 1859. Description of new genera and species of North American lizards in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 10: 253-256 [1858] - get paper here
  • Blair, A.P. 1950. Notes on Two Anguid Lizards. Copeia 1950 (1): 57 - get paper here
  • Blair, Christopher; Robert W Bryson, Uri O García-Vázquez, Adrián Nieto-Montes De Oca, David Lazcano, John E Mccormack, John Klicka 2021. Phylogenomics of alligator lizards elucidate diversification patterns across the Mexican Transition Zone and support the recognition of a new genus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 135 (1): 25–39 [print January 2022, online 25 November 2021] - get paper here
  • Bryson, R.W. & Lazcano, D. 2005. Gerrhonotus parvus. Reptilia (GB) (39): 69-72 - get paper here
  • Burkett, R.D. 1962. Two Clutches of Eggs in the Lizard, Gerrhonotus Liocephalus Infernalis Herpetologica 18 (3): 211. - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Contreras-Arquieta, A. 1989. Una nueva subespecies de Gerrhonotus (Reptilia Anguidae) del Bolsón de Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, México. X Congr. Nac. Zool., Progr. Resumen: 75
  • Cope, E.D. 1878. Tenth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 85-98 [1877] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cruz-Anaya, A., Banda-Leal, J., Lazcano, D., Fucsko, L. A., & Wilson, L. D. 2022. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Mexico 40: Predation by the Texas Patch-nosed Snake (Salvadora lineata) on the Texas Alligator Lizard (Gerrhonotus infernalis) in the Sierra Zapalinamé, Municipalities of Saltillo and Arteaga, Coahuila, Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 57(12), 214-218 - get paper here
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo & Irene Goyenechea-Mayer Goyenechea 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 705- 712
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo; Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán; Jesús Martín Castillo-Cerón & Irene Goyenechea 2016. Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 156–170 - get paper here
  • FIELDER, COREY, JARED HOLMES & TOBY HIBBITTS. 2022. GERRHONOTUS INFERNALIS (Texas Alligator Lizard). NESTING BEHAVIOR. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 132–133.
  • García-Bastida, M., Madrid-Sotelo, C. A. & Lazcano, D. 2012. Evaluation of a simple method of externally attaching radio-transmitters to the Texas alligator lizard, Gerrhonotus infernalis. Herpetological Review 43: 410-412 - get paper here
  • García-Bastida, Margarita, David Lazcano, Lance D. McBrayer, and Roberto Mercado-Hernández 2013. Sexual Dimorphism in the Alligator Lizard Gerrhonotus infernalis (Sauria: Anguidae): Implications for Sexual Selection. Southwestern Naturalist Jun 2013, Vol. 58, No. 2: 202-208. - get paper here
  • García-Vázquez, U. O., and R. W. Bryson, Jr. 2017. Gerrhonotus infernalis (Baird, 1859). Mexico, Durango. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 196–197 - get paper here
  • García-Vázquez, Uri Omar; Arturo Contreras-Arquieta, Marysol Trujano-Ortega, and Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca 2018. A New Species of Gerrhonotus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Herpetologica 74 (3): 269-278. - get paper here
  • García‐Vázquez UO, Nieto‐Montes de Oca A, Bryson RW Jr, Schmidt‐Ballardo W, Pavón‐Vázquez CJ. 2018. Molecular systematics and historical biogeography of the genus Gerrhonotus (Squamata: Anguidae). J Biogeogr. XX:1–13 - get paper here
  • Good, David A. 1994. Species limits in the genus Gerrhonotus (Squamata: Anguidae). Herpetological Monographs 8: 180-202 - get paper here
  • Good,D.A. & Wiedenfeld,M. G. 1995. The holotype of the Texas Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus infernalis Baird (Squamata: Anguidae). Journal of Herpetology 29 (4): 628-530 - get paper here
  • Greene, H.W. & B.E. Dial 1966. Brooding Behavior by Female Texas Alligator Lizards Herpetologica 22 (4): 303. - get paper here
  • Hernandez, J.C., Pérez, M.R.M., Herr, M.W., Giovanetto, L.A., Hernandez, T.O. & Graham, S.P. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Gerrhonotus infernalis (Texas Alligator Lizard). Herpetological Review 48 (4): 811 - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Langner, Ch.; R. Nixon & F. Colacicco 2019. Die nordamerikanischen Schleichen der Gattungen Gerrhonotus und Elgaria – Lebensweise, Haltung und Vermehrung im Terrarium. Reptilia (Münster) 24 (136): 32-41 - get paper here
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Gadsden-Esparza H, Valdez-Lares R, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 748: 65-87 - get paper here
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  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
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  • O’Shaughnessy, A. W. E. 1873. Herpetological notes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 12: 44-48 - get paper here
  • Sager, Michael T. 2014. Geographic Distribution: Gerrhonotus infernalis (Texas alligator lizard). Herpetological Review 45 (3): 462 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K.P., and D. Owens. 1944. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Coahuila, Mexico. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series. Chicago. 29: 97-115. - get paper here
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  • Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here
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  • Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here
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  • Werler, J.E. 1949. Reproduction of Captive Texas and Mexican Lizards Herpetologica 5 (3): 67-70. - get paper here
 
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