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Gloydius brevicauda (STEJNEGER, 1907)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesGloydius brevicauda brevicauda (STEJNEGER 1907)
Gloydius brevicauda siniticus (GLOYD 1977) 
Common NamesG: Kurzschwanz-Mamushi
Chinese: 短尾蝮 
SynonymAgkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus STEJNEGER 1907: 463
Ancistrodon halys brevicaudus NIKOLSKY 1916
Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus — STEJNEGER 1926: 97
Ancistrodon halys brevicaudus — RENDAHL 1933: 21
Ancistrodon halys brevicaudus — SHANNON 1956
Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus — GLOYD 1972: 560
Agkistrodon blomhoffii dubitatus GLOYD 1977
Gloydius blomhoffii brevicaudus — HOGE & ROMANO-HOGE 1981: 195
Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus — WELCH 1994: 11
Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus — TRUTNAU 2002
Gloydius brevicaudus — ZHOU et al. 2001
Gloydius brevicaudus — WANG & ZHAO 2007
Gloydius brevicaudus — GAULKE 2008
Gloydius brevicaudus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 310
Gloydius brevicaudus — ORLOV et al. 2014
Gloydius brevicaudus brevicaudus — DAVID & VOGEL 2015

Gloydius brevicauda siniticus (GLOYD 1977)
Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus GLOYD 1977
Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus — HOGE & ROMANO-HOGE 1981 [1979]
Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus — ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999
Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Gloydius brevicaudus siniticus — WANG & ZHAO 2007
Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus — ORLOV et al. 2014
Gloydius brevicaudus siniticus — DAVID & VOGEL 2015 
DistributionNorth Korea, South Korea, China (Liaoning, Jilin, Guangdong: HR 33: 226); Russia (Pozharsky District) [iNaturalist]

Type locality: Fusan = (Pusan), S. Korea.

dubitatus (invalid): China (Hebei); Type locality: Hsinglungshan (= Mt. Xing- long), Eastern Tombs, Hopei (= Hebei) Prov., China.

siniticus: China (Yangtze River basin from E Sichuan to the delta; north to Anhwei, Kiangsu and Shantung = Shandong; south into N Hunan and Kiangsi). Type locality: Ningkwo (= Ningguo Co.), Anhwei (= Anhui) Province, China.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 17507
Holotype: AMNH 25554 [siniticus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Body with a conspicuous pattern of subelliptical blotches (or half-bands) on a light brown or gray ground color; blotches brown, lighter at their center but with dark brown borders, opposite or alternating pairs meeting dorsally at midline or not in contact at all, 3-5 scales wide on sides and extending downward onto scale rows 3 or 2; number of half-bands 23-33 (28.9) in males, 25-36 (30.8) in females (Table 1). Belly black or nearly so, especially posteriorly, lighter laterally; crown and parietal region with conspicuous dark brown markings and a lyriform figure extending backward on neck; cheek stripe strong, dark reddish brown in life, sharply bordered above and below with white, the upper light line extending across top of eye; tongue black; tip of tail light — yellow in life. Internasals wider than long, the posterior margins curving obliquely backward from midline; loreals subquadrate, as high as wide; preoculars 2; postoculars 2 ( 60% ) or 3, the lowest extending forward beneath the eye; supralabials 7 (95%), rarely 8; infralabials 10 (75%), occasionally 9 or 11; posterior supralabials not conspicuously low and narrow. Scale rows 21 at midbody, all with keels posteriorly, lowest without keels anteriorly; paired apical pits present but inconspicuous. Ventrals 135-145 (138.9) in males, 140-149 (143.2) in females; subcaudals 35-44 (40.5) in males, 30-38 (34.9) in females (Table 2) (Gloyd 1972: 560). 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: G. blomhoffi dubitatus was listed as a synonym of G. blomhoffi by McDiarmid et al. 1999 but as a synonym of G. brevicaudus by Zhao and Adler (1993), David and Ineich (1999), and Orlov et al. 2014. Some of these authors also consider A. b. siniticus to be a junior synonym of Gloydius brevicaudus although it has been listed as valid more recenlty.

Distribution: see map in ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999. G. b. brevicaudus and G. b. siniticus are allopatric with a large gap in between their ranges. Reports from Primorsky Krai are based on mis-identified G. ussuriensis (Nikita Pokhilyuk, pers. comm., 18 Dec 2020). For a map of localities see Shi et al. 2021: 102 (Fig. 6) 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “breve, brevis” = short and Latin “cauda” = tail. The species name needs to be brevicauda, irrespective of the gender of the genus as “cauda” is a feminine noun in apposition, according to ICZN Article 34.2.1 which states that the gender of a noun in apposition must not be changed to agree in gender with the generic name, The Latin noun for tail is cauda and of female gender. For further explanations and examples see Böhme & Denzer (2019). 
References
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