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Gloydius cognatus (GLOYD, 1977)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Alashan pitviper
G: Alashan-Otter
Chinese: 阿拉善蝮 
SynonymAgkistrodon halys cognatus GLOYD 1977
Agkistrodon halys cognatus — WELCH 1994: 11
Gloydius halys cognatus — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Gloydius halys cognatus — WAGNER et al. 2015
Gloydius cognatus — SHI et al. 2016
Gloydius cognatus — SHI et al. 2018
Gloydius cognatus — ASADI et al. 2019 
DistributionNC China (Gansu)

Type locality: Choni, on the Tao River, Gansu Province, China.  
ReproductionViviparous. 
TypesHolotype: USNM 68586. Paratypes. USMN 68504, 68506, 68541 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A small viper of the genus, up to 590 mm total length. Supralabial scales 7-8. Dorsal scales in 23 (rarely 21) rows around mid-body; ventral scales between 153-165; subcaudal scales paired, between 36-54. Body with 29- 43 dark transverse bands, each 4-5 scales wide and extending down to scale row 4 to 2 [WAGNER et al. 2015].


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CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Zhao 2006 listed Gloydius halys cognatus, liupanensis, qinlingensis, and stejnegeri as synonyms of either G. strauchi or G. intermedius. Synonymy: Listed as a synonym of Gloydius halys by Wallach et al. 2014: 310.

Activity Pattern. Diurnal and night.

Distribution: for a map of localities see Shi et al. 2021: 102 (Fig. 6) 
References
  • Asadi, Atefeh; Claudine Montgelard, Masoud Nazarizadeh, Akram Moghaddasi,<br>Faezeh Fatemizadeh, Evgeniy Simonov, Haji Gholi Kami & Mohammad Kaboli 2019. Evolutionary history and postglacial colonization of an Asian pit viper (Gloydius halys caucasicus) into transcaucasia revealed by phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. Scientific Reports 9:1224 - get paper here
  • Gloyd, H.K. 1977. Descriptions of new taxa of crotalid snakes from China and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 90: 1002-1015 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Shi J-S, Liu J-C, Giri R, Owens JB, Santra V, Kuttalam S, Selvan M, Guo K-J, Malhotra A 2021. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gloydius (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with description of two new alpine species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. ZooKeys 1061: 87-108 - get paper here
  • Shi, J., Yang, D., Zhang, W. & Ding, L. 2016. Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Chinese J. Zool. 51: 777–798
  • Shi, Jingsong; Diancheng Yang, Wuyuan Zhang, Lifang Peng, Nikolai L. Orlov, Fan Jiang, Li Ding, Mian Hou, Xinlei Huang, Song Huang, Pipeng Li 2018. A New Species of the Gloydius strauchi Complex (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes) from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu, China. Russ. J. Herpetol. 25 (2): 126-138 - get paper here
  • Wagner, Philipp; Tiutenko, Arthur; Mazepa, Glib; Borkin, Leo J.; Simonov, Evgeniy 2015. Alai! Alai! – a new species of the Gloydius halys (Pallas, 1776) complex (Viperidae, Crotalinae), including a brief review of the complex. Amphibia-Reptilia, 37(1): 15-31. DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003026 - get paper here
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Welch, K. R. G. 1994. Snakes of the World. A Checklist. I. Venomous snakes. KCM Books, Somerset, England.
 
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