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Gloydius shedaoensis (ZHAO, 1979)

IUCN Red List - Gloydius shedaoensis - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesGloydius shedaoensis shedaoensis (ZHAO 1979)
Gloydius shedaoensis qianshanensis LI 1999 
Common NamesE: Shedao island pitviper
Chinese: 蛇岛蝮 
SynonymAgkistrodon shedaoensis ZHAO 1979
Agkistrodon intermedius shedaoensis — WELCH 1994: 13
Agkistrodon shedaoensis — ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999
Gloydius shedaoensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 308
Gloydius saxatilis shedaoensis — ZHOU et al. 2001
Gloydius shedaoensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Gloydius shedaoensis — LIVIGNI 2013: 414
Gloydius shedaoensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 311

Gloydius shedaoensis qianshanensis LI 1999
Gloydius shedaoensis qianshanensis — SHI et al. 2016 
DistributionChina (Liaoning, Shedao Island)

Type locality: Shedao Island = Snake Island, about 24 nautical miles from and to the north-west of Lüshun (Port Arther), Liaoning Province, elevation below 215 m.

qianshanensis: China (Qianshan, Gaizhou, Wafangdian, Liaoning Province); Type locality: Qianshan, Liaoning Province, China.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: CIB 012816 (formerly 7910005), Male; Shedao, Liaoning Prov.; 5. 19, 1979.
Neotype: SYNU900701, adult male; Original holotype: DLNM (?) = (Natural History Museum of Snake Island, Dalian) apparently lost fide Qiu et al. 2023. Paraneotypes: SYNU [qianshanensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Total length up to 990 mm. Dorsal scales in 23 (rarely 24 or 25) rows at midbody; ventrals 145 – 170; subcaudals 32 – 49; supralabials 7, rarely 8 [ORLOV & BARABANOV 1999].


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CommentVenomous!

Conservation: one of the 30 most endangered viper species (Maritz et al. 2016).

Types: the type specimens were lost during the relocation and expansion of the museum, including the holotype SB980563 collected from Qianshan Mountain, Anshan City, and paratypes collected from Longtanshan Mountain, Wafangdian City (interview to Jian-Li Li who described briefly and named this subspecies) (Qiu et al. 2023).

Distribution: for a map of localities see Shi et al. 2021: 102 (Fig. 6) 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality.

The subspecies qianshanensis is also named after the type locality, Qianshan Mountain, Liaoning Province, China. 
References
  • Chen, Y.; Zhang, D.; Jiang, K. & Wang, Z. 1992. Evaluation of Snake Venoms among Agkistrodon Species in China. Asiatic Herpetological Research 4: 58-61 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Guo, P., F. J. Zhang, and Y. Y. Chen. 1999. Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles in the Herpetological Collections of Chengdu Institute of Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 43~47 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Zhang, F.J. & Chen, Y.Y. 1999. The Hemipenes of Chinese Species of Deinagkistrodon and Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotaiinae). Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 38-42 - get paper here
  • Hanscom, R. J., Higham, T. E., Ryan, D., & Clark, R. W. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behaviour, function, and diversity. In: D. Penning (ed.), Snakes: morphology, function, and ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers - get paper here
  • Jiang & Zhao 2009. Gloydius lijianlii, a new species from the northern coastal islands along Shandong peninsula (Reptilia, Squamata, Viperidae). [in Chinese]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34(3): 642-646 - get paper here
  • Li, J.L. 1999. Infraspecific classification of two species of Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 24(4), Oct 1999:454-460
  • LiVigni, F. (ed.) 2013. A Life for Reptiles and Amphibians, Volume 1. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 495 pp. - get paper here
  • Maritz, Bryan; Johannes Penner, Marcio Martins, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Stephen Spear, Laura R.V. Alencar, Jesús Sigala-Rodriguez, Kevin Messenger, Rulon W. Clark, Pritpal Soorae, Luca Luiselli, Chris Jenkins, Harry W. Greene 2016. Identifying global priorities for the conservation of vipers. Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.004 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Orlov, Nikolai L. and Andrei V. Barabanov. 1999. Analysis of nomenclature, classification, and distribution of the Agkistrodon halys - Agkistrodon intermedius complexes: a critical review. Russ. J. Herpetol. 6 (3): 167-192 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Parkinson,C.L. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of pitvipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586 - get paper here
  • Shi J-S, Liu J-C, Giri R, Owens JB, Santra V, Kuttalam S, Selvan M, Guo K-J, Malhotra A 2021. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gloydius (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with description of two new alpine species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. ZooKeys 1061: 87-108 - get paper here
  • Shine, R. 2013. Primer: Reptiles. Current Biology 3 (6): R227–R231 - get paper here
  • Shine, R., L.-X. Sun, E. Zhao and X. Bonnet 2003. A review of 30 years of ecological research on the Shedao Pitviper, Gloydius shedaoensis. Herpetological Natural History 9 (1):1-14 [2002] - get paper here
  • Shine, R., L.-X. Sun, M. Fitzgerald & M. Kearney 2002. Antipredator Responses of Free-Ranging Pit Vipers (Gloydius shedaoensis, Viperidae) Copeia 2002 (3): 843-850. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, Hui; Haitao Wang, Yanhong Xiao, Xiaoping Wang, Lixin Sun, Jingsong Shi, Aiqing Lin, Jiang Feng, and Yonghua Wu 2015. Low Genetic Diversity and Moderate Inbreeding Risk of an Insular Endemic Pit Viper (Gloydius shedaoensis): Implication for Conservation. Journal of Herpetology Jun 2015, Vol. 49, No. 2: 190-199. - get paper here
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wang, X., Wu, R., Jiang, K., Wu, Y., Wen, G., & Qi, Y. 2021. Group Living on Trees Does Not Elevate Inbreeding Risk in Shedao Pit Vipers Gloydius shedaoensis. Asian Herpetological Research 12 (2): 242-249. - get paper here
  • XU, Yan; Qin LIU, Edward A MYERS, , Lian WANG, Song HUANG, Yun HE,Peihao PENG and Peng GUO 2012. Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Gloydius (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Asian Herpetological Research 3 (2): 127–132 - get paper here
  • Zhao E M 1979. A new Agkistrodon from Shedao (Snake Island), Liaoning. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1 (1): 4-6
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
  • Zhou, Ji-Liang; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Huang, Mei-Hua; Chen, Yong-Jiu; Chen, Xiao-Qing and Yao, Geng-Dong 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among crotalinae based on mitochondrial cytochrome B gene sequence variations [in Chinese]. Acta Zool. Sinica 47 (4): 361-366
 
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