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Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (NAMIYE, 1912)

IUCN Red List - Goniurosaurus kuroiwae - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaEublepharidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Kuroiwa's eyelid gecko, Kuroiwa’s Leopard Gecko, Tokashiki Gecko
G: Okinawa-Krallengecko 
SynonymGymnodactylus albofasciatus kuroiwae NAMIYE 1912
Eublepharis orientalis — OKADA 1936
Gymnodactylus albofasciatus kuroiwae — OKADA 1958: 104
Eublepharis kuroiwae — WERMUTH 1965: 28
Eublepharis kuroiwae kuroiwae — NAKAMURA & UÉNO 1963
Amamisaurus kuroiwae — BÖRNER 1981
Goniurosaurus kuroiwae — GRISMER 1987: 44
Goniurosaurus kuroiwae — SEUFER et al. 2005
Goniurosaurus kuroiwae — KURITA et al. 2017
Goniurosaurus kuroiwae — KURITA & TODA 2024 
DistributionJapan (Okinawajima, Sesokojima, and Kourijima)

Type locality: Ryukyu Islands
Type locality: Mt. Taniyo-dake, Haneji, Kunigami-gun, Okinawajima (fide OTA 1989).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NSMT H022525 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Kurita & Toda 2024: 105


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CommentSynonymy: Gymnodactylus yamashinae OKADA 1936 has been synonymized with G. k. orientalis by NAKAMURA & UANO (1963) and OTA 1989. Both forms have been confused often.

Subspecies: Many recent authors consider all previous subspecies of Goniurosaurus kuroiwae as valid species. Honda et al. (2014) found substantial genetic divergence between G. k. splendens from the Amami Island Group and the remaining subspecies all from the Okinawa Island Group; and at least six independent lineages within the latter, indicating non-monophyly for two of the subspecies, G. k. kuroiwae and G. k. orientalis.

Conservation: A new extinct subspecies from Yoronjima Island (Ryukyu Archipelago) was recently described as Goniurosaurus kuroiwae yunnu Nakamura, Takahashi and Ota 2014. Kurita & Toda 2024 suggested to raise yunnu to full species status “although the phylogenetic position of G. k. yunnu is unknown” (seriously ?).

Distribution: see map in Kurita & Toda 2024: 88 (Fig. 1) 
EtymologyNamed after T. Kuroiwa who collected the holotype (1909). 
References
  • Ackermann, L. 2016. In den Wäldern von Okinawa. Terraria-Elaphe 2016 (5): 48-51 - get paper here
  • Aizawa, Masaya 2021. Heimlich, still und schön - Okinawa-Krallengeckos. DATZ 2021 (5): 14-23
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Börner, ACHIM RÜDIGER 1981. The genera of Asian eublepharine geckos and a hypothesis on their phylogeny. Miscellaneous Articles in Saurology 9: (1), 1-14 [privately printed], Cologne
  • Gericke, F. 1981. Lidgeckos der Gattung Eublepharis. Sauria 3 (4): 11-14 - get paper here
  • Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp.
  • Grismer L L. Ota H. Tanaka S. 1994. Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, with description of a new subspecies. Zoological Science (TOKYO) 11 (2): 319-335 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee 1987. Evidence for the resurrection of Goniurosaurus Barbour (Reptilia: Eublepharidae) with a discussion on geographic variation in Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 6 (1): 43-47 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee 2002. Goniurosaurus: Ancient Gekkos of the Far East. Gekko 3 (1): 22-28
  • Grismer,L.L. 1997. Eublepharid Geckos - Living Relics of Gekkotan Evolution. Fauna 1 (1): 26-33
  • HONDA, Masanao and Hidetoshi OTA 2017. On the Live Coloration and Partial Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in the Topotypic Population of Goniurosaurus kuroiwae orientalis (Squamata: Eublepharidae), with Description of a New Subspecies from Tokashikijima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Asian Herpetological Research 8 (2): 96–107; DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.170003 - get paper here
  • HONDA, Masanao and Hidetoshi OTA 2019. On the Live Coloration and Partial Mitochondrial DNA Sequences in Goniurosaurus kuroiwae orientalis (Squamata: Eublepharidae), with Description of a New Subspecies from Tokashikijima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Asian Herpetological Research 10 (4): 96－107 - get paper here
  • Honda, Masanao; Takaki Kurita, Mamoru Toda, and Hidetoshi Ota 2014. Phylogenetic Relationships, Genetic Divergence, Historical Biogeography and Conservation of an Endangered Gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepharidae), from the Central Ryukyus, Japan. Zoological Science 31 (5): 309-320. - get paper here
  • Janssen, Jordi & Chris R. Shepherd 2019. Trade in Endangered and Critically Endangered Japanese Herpetofauna Endemic to The Nansei Islands Warrants Increased Protection. Current Herpetology Feb 2019 Vol. 38, No. 1: 99-109 - get paper here
  • Kaverkin, Y. 2000. Eublepharoide Geckos der Gattung Goniurosaurus BARBOUR, 1908 - Haltung und Zucht im Terrarium. Sauria 22 (4): 17-22 - get paper here
  • Kaverkin, Yuri 1999. Tokage Modoki, Those Wonderful Geckos of the Ryuku Archipelago. Gekko 1 (1): 42-46
  • KURITA, T., & TODA, M. 2024. Genetic and Morphological Studies on Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepharidae), with a Description of a New Species from the Northern Part of Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Current Herpetology, 43(1), 86-114 - get paper here
  • Kurita, Takaki, Remi Kawamura and Mamoru Toda. 2013. Limestone cave as a cradle of the Ryukyu ground gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae. Herpetological Review 44 (4): 569-572 - get paper here
  • Kurita, Takaki; Hiroaki Aoyama, Seikoh Saitoh, Naoya Shinzato, Masanao Honda, Mamoru Toda 2014. Development and characterization of 24 microsatellite markers in a eublepharid gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae. Conservation Genetics Resources 6 (1): 247-249 - get paper here
  • Maki, M. 1931. A new banded gecko, Eublepharis orientalis, Sp. Nov. from Riu Kyu. Annotaiones Zoologicae Japonenses, 13:9—11
  • Nakamura, K., and S. I. Uéno. 1959. The geckos found in the limestone caves of the Ryu-Kyu Islands. Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, 26:45-52
  • Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Akio Takahashi and Hidetoshi OTA. 2013. Recent cryptic extinction of squamate reptiles on Yoronjima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, inferred from garbage dump remains. Acta Herpetologica 8 (1): 19-34
  • Nakamura, Yasuyuki; Akio Takahashi, Hidetoshi Ota 2014. A new, recently extinct subspecies of the Kuroiwa’s Leopard Gecko, Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepharidae), from Yoronjima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. . Acta Herpetologica 9 (1): 61-73 - get paper here
  • Namiye, M. 1912. The geckos from the Okinawa Islands [in Japanese]. Dobutsugaku Zasshi (Zoological Magazine), Tokyo, 24:442-445. - get paper here
  • NISHIJIMA, SAKURA; HIROKI SHIROMA, RYO KAMIMURA, ASAKI HENTONA, HIBIKI NAKAMURA, KOUSUKE UCHIWA, YASUYUKI NAKAMURA & ATSUSHI TOMINAGA. 2022. Predation by Lithobates catesbeianus on Goniurosaurus kuroiwae and Achalinus werneri on Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Herpetology Notes 15: 139–142. - get paper here
  • Okada 1958. nan Cat. Vertebr. Japan: 104 - get paper here
  • Okada, Y. 1936. A new cave-gecko, Gymnodactylus yamashinae from Kumejima, Okinawa group. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy [of Japan], 12:53-54. - get paper here
  • Ota, H. 2000. Current status of the threatened amphibians and reptiles of Japan. Popul. Ecol. 42: 5-9 - get paper here
  • Ota, H.; Matsui, M.; Hikida, T.; Tanaka, S. 1987. Karyotype of a gekkonid lizard, Eublepharis kuroiwae kuroiwae. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 43(8):924-925 - get paper here
  • Ota, Hidetoshi 1989. A review of the geckos (Lacertilia: Reptilia) of the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan. in: Matsui et al., eds; Current Herpetology in East Asia: Proceedings of the Second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium Kyoto, July 1988: 222-261 - get paper here
  • Ota, Hidetoshi; Honda, Masanoa; Kobayashi,Mari; Sengoku,Showichi & Hikida,Tsutomu 1999. Phylogenetic relationships of eublepharid geckos (Reptilia: Squamata): a molecular approach. Zoological Science 16 (4): 659-666 - get paper here
  • Rösler, Herbert 1995. Geckos der Welt - Alle Gattungen. Urania, Leipzig, 256 pp.
  • Seufer, H.; Y. Kaverkin & A. Kirschner (eds.) 2005. Die Lidgeckos. Kirschner und Seufer Verlag, 238 pp.
  • Tanaka, S. & M. Nishihira 1987. A Field Study of Seasonal Daily, and Diel Activity Patterns of Eublepharis kuroiwae kuroiwae Herpetologica 43 (4): 482-489. - get paper here
  • Wang, Ying-Yong; Jian-Huan Yang, and L. Lee Grismer 2013. A New Species of Goniurosaurus (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from Libo, Guizhou Province, China. Herpetologica 69 (2): 214-226. - get paper here
  • Wang, Ying-Yong; Jian-Huan Yang, and Rong-Feng Cui 2010. A NEW SPECIES OF GONIUROSAURUS (SQUAMATA: EUBLEPHARIDAE) FROM YINGDE, GUANGDONG PROVINCE, CHINA. Herpetologica 66 (2): 229 - get paper here
  • Wang, Ying-Yong; Meng-Jie Jin, Yu-Long Li, and L. Lee Grismer 2014. Description of a New Species of Goniurosaurus (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from the Guangdong Province, China, Based on Molecular and Morphological Data. Herpetologica 70 (3): 309-322. - get paper here
  • Ziegler, T.; Truong, N.Q.; Schmitz, A.; Stenke, R. & Rösler, H. 2008. A new species of Goniurosaurus from Cat Ba Island, Hai Phong, northern Vietnam (Squamata: Eublepharidae). Zootaxa 1771: 16–30 - get paper here
 
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