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Gonocephalus grandis (GRAY, 1845)

IUCN Red List - Gonocephalus grandis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Giant Forest Dragon, Great Anglehead Lizard
G: Grosse Winkelkopfagame 
SynonymDilophyrus grandis GRAY 1845: 239
Dilophyrus grandis — THEOBALD 1868: 33
Dilophyrus grandis — FISCHER 1885: 3
Dilophyrus grandis — MÜLLER 1880
Gonyocephalus grandis — BOULENGER 1885: 298
Gonyocephalus grandis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 109
Gonocephalus grandis — SMITH 1930: 24
Gonycephalus [sic] grandis —SWORDER 1933
Goniocephalus grandis — TAYLOR 1963: 879
Goniocephalus grandis — HENDRICKSON 1966: 61
Gonocephalus grandis — KAHL et al. 1980: 161
Gonocephalus grandis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 183
Gonocephalus grandis — COX et al. 1998: 94
Gonocephalus grandis — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 61
Gonocephalus grandis — MALKMUS et al. 2002: 244
Gonocephalus grandis — TEYNIÉ et al. 2010
Gonocephalus grandis — GRISMER & QUAH 2019 
DistributionS Thailand, Vietnam, West Malaysia, Pulau Tioman, Pulau Pinang, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Nias, Mentawei I, Nako, Sipora), Brunei

Type locality: Rangoon (= Yangon, Myanmar)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH (NHMUK) 1946.8.14.83, male; 1946.9.4.26, male 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1639 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentCan change color from brilliant green to almost black in minutes. 
References
  • Ahmad, Norhayati; Eddie Ahmad, Mahathir Ratag, Edward Asrul Alimin Sinon, Brandon Don, Francer Francis, Muhammad Ridzuan Mahmod, Amshari Agimin, Daicus Belabut 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Imbak Canyon Study Centre and Batu Timbang Camp. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 16: 25–33
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Das , I. 2004. Lizards of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Borneo
  • de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Denzer, W. 1996. Reptilien und Amphibien der Santubong Halbinsel, Sarawak, Borneo. Sauria 18 (4): 35-42 - get paper here
  • Dieckmann, M. 2013. Gonocephalus grandis (GRAY, 1845). Iguana 26 (1): 17-21
  • Dring J C M 1979. Amphibians and reptiles from northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with descriptions of two new geckos: Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus. Bulletin of the British Museum (NATURAL HISTORY) ZOOLOGY 34 (5): 181-241 - get paper here
  • Fischer, J.G. 1886. Ueber eine Kollektion Reptilien und Amphibien von der Insel Nias und über eine zweite Art der Gattung Anniella GRAY. Abh. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg 19 (1): 3-10
  • Gericke, F. 1984. Gonocephalus grandis - Erfolgreiche Haltung und Nachzucht. Sauria 6 (4): 5-6 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, Stephen R. and L. Lee Grismer. 2014. Gonocephalus grandis (giant forest dragon) reproduction. Herpetological Review 45 (4): 696 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Green, M. E. L. 2019. Dissection of a Gonocephalus grandis (Gray, 1845): Identifying Cause of Death in a Rare Captive Lizard. Captive & Field Herpetology 3 (1): 10-18 - get paper here
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; & EVAN S. H. QUAH 2019. An updated and annotated checklist of the lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and their adjacent archipelagos. Zootaxa 4545 (2): 230–248 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee; Chan K. Onn, Jesse L. Grismer, Perry L. Wood, Jr., and A. Norhayati 2010. A CHECKLIST OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF THE BANJARAN BINTANG, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Russ. J. Herpetol. 17 (2): 147-160 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L. 2011. Amphibians and reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 239 pp.
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  • Hendrickson,J.R. 1966. Observations on the fauna of Pulau Tioman and Pulau Tulai. 5. The Reptiles. Bull. Nat. Mus. Singapore 34: 53-71
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  • Kahl B, Gaupp P & Schmidt G 1980. Das Terrarium. Falken Verlag, Niederhausen (Germany), 336 pp.
  • Lim, K.K.P. & Ng, H.H. 1999. The terrestrial herpetofauna of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. No. 6: 131-155 - get paper here
  • Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte II, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Y. Wang, R. Pethiyagoda, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, T. J. Papenfuss 2000. Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 49 (2): 233-256 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R.; Manthey, U.; Vogel, G. Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Ganther Verlag, Rugell, 404 pp.
  • Manthey U 2010. Agamid Lizards of Southern Asia. Draconinae 2 -Leiolepidinae. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 7b, Frankfurt, 168 pp.
  • Manthey, S. 2013. Agamentagung 2012. Iguana 26 (1): 8-13
  • Manthey, U. & Denzer, W. 1982. Exkursion am Mt. Kinabalu (4101 m), Nordborneo, Teil 2: Herpetologische Eindrücke. Herpetofauna 4 (21): 11-19 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & W DENZER 1991. Die Echten Winkelkopfagamen der Gattung Gonocephalus KAUP (Sauria: Agamidae) III. Gonocephalus grandis (GRAY, 1845). Sauria 13 (3): 3-10. - get paper here
  • Manthey,U. & SCHUSTER,N. 1999. Agamen, 2. Aufl. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 120 pp. - get paper here
  • Müller, F. 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 120-165 - get paper here
  • Nabhitabhata, J., T. Chan-ard and Y. Chuaynkern 2000. Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bankok. 152pp.
  • NUR-AMALINA M.I.; AZHARI, M., NORSHAQINAH, A., NOR AZRIN, N.A., SHUKOR, M.N., AISAH, M.S., AMIRRUDIN, A., GRISMER, L.L. and NORHAYATI, A. 2017. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN TEMBAT FOREST RESERVE, HULU TERENGGANU, TERENGGANU, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Malays. Appl. Biol. 46 (4): 119–129 - get paper here
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  • Sah, Hanyrol H. Ahmad; T. Ulmar Grafe , Alex Dornburg, David S. McLeod, Aaron M. Bauer , Rodzay Abdul Wahab, Lee Grismer and Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell 2016. The Amphibians, Reptiles and Fishes of the 2012 Bukit Pagon Expedition, Brunei Darussalam. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 57(1):97-114 - get paper here
  • Shahriza, Shahrudin 2018. Defense behavior of Gonocephalus grandis and Aphaniotis fusca (Squamata: Agamidae). Phyllomedusa 17 (1): 153-156 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1930. The Reptilia and Amphibia of the Malay Peninsula fromt he Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, including the adjacent Islands. A Supplement to G.A. Boulenger’s Reptilia and Batrachia 1912. Bull. Raffles Mus. No. 3: 1-149
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  • Syafiq, Muhamad Fatihah; Baizul Hafsyam Badli-Sham, Noor-Shahirah Ibrahim, Lukman H. B. Ismail, Muhammad Afif Mohd Amin, Goh Shu Xian, Rabiatul ‘Aqilah Mohamad Ariffin, Muhammad Afiq-Suhaimi, Lok Kar Men, Dila Adilina Danelo, Mohamad Aqmal-Naser, Muh 2024. TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY, AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF REPTILIAN FAUNA AT SEKAYU LOWLAND FORESTS, TERENGGANU, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 31, No. 1, 2024, pp. 14 – 23 - get paper here
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  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • Welton, Luke J.;Cameron D. Siler, L. L. Grismer, Arvin C. Diesmos, Jack W. Sites andRafe M. Brown 2016. Archipelago-wide survey of Philippine forest dragons (Agamidae: Gonocephalus): multilocus phylogeny uncovers unprecedented levels of genetic diversity in a biodiversity hotspot. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12878 - get paper here
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