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Gopherus berlandieri (AGASSIZ, 1857)

IUCN Red List - Gopherus berlandieri - Least Concern, LR
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Higher TaxaTestudinidae, Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Texas (Gopher )Tortoise
S: Galápago de Berlandier 
SynonymTestudo tuberculata BERLANDIER 1850 (nomen oblitum)
Testudo bicolor BERLANDIER 1850 (nomen oblitum)
Xerobates berlandieri AGASSIZ 1857: 447
Testudo berlandieri — BOULENGER 1889
Gopherus berlandieri — STEJNEGER 1893
Gopherus berlandieri — SMITH 1939: 313
Gopherus polyphemus berlandieri — MERTENS & WERMUTH 1955
Xerobates berlandieri OTTLEY & VELÁZQUES SOLIS 1989
Gopherus berlandieri — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 74
Gopherus berlandieri — LINER 1994
Gopherus berlandieri — CROTHER 2000
Gopherus berlandieri — TTWG 2014
Gopherus berlandieri — TTWG 2021 
DistributionUSA (S Texas south of Del Rio and San Antonio),
Mexico (E Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracruz)

Type locality: Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.  
ReproductionGopherus agassizii can hybridize with Gopherus berlandieri (Edwards et al. 2010). 
TypesSyntypes: USNM 60 (2 specimens) 
Diagnosis 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Jean Louis Berlandier (1803-1851), Belgian biologist, who left Europe for Mexico in 1826 and settled there. 
References
  • Agassiz, Louis 1857. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America. vol. 1. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, lii + 452 pp. - get paper here
  • Auffenberg W; Franz R 1978. Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz). Texas tortoise. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 213: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Auffenberg, W., & Franz, R. 1978. Gopherus Rafinesque: gopher tortoises. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (211): 1-2 [species accounts in nos. 212-215] - get paper here
  • Auffenberg, W.; Weaver, W. G. 1969. Gopherus berlandieri in southeastern Texas. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 13: 141-203 - get paper here
  • Auffenberg, Walter 1977. Display Behavior in Tortoises. American Zoologist 17: 241-250 - get paper here
  • Bartlett, R. D. & Bartlett, P. 1999. A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas, 331 pp.
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2017. About the original description of Berlandier's tortoise, Xerobates berlandieri, Agassiz, 1857 – Notes on Jean Louis Berlandier. II. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 13 (1-2): 50-67 - get paper here
  • Bour, Roger 2016. Where and when was Jean Louis Berlandier born? - Notes on Jean Louis Berlandier. I. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 12 (1): 18-40 - get paper here
  • Brown, D.A. 1964. Nesting of a Captive Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz) Herpetologica 20 (3): 209-210. - get paper here
  • Coghill, Lyndon M., Johel Chaves-Campos, Uri Omar García Vázquez and Arturo Contreras. 2011. Geographic Distribution: Gopherus berlandieri (Texas tortoise). Herpetological Review 42 (3): 388 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cupul-Magaña, Fabio Germán 2012. Varanus exanthematicus (Bosc, 1792), Apalone spinifera emoryi (Le Sueur, 1827) y Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz, 1857): reptiles exóticos en el área urbana de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México. Cuadernos de Herpetología 26 (1): - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Edwards, T.; Jarchow, C.J.; Jones, C.A. & Bonine, K.E. 2010. Tracing Genetic Lineages of Captive Desert Tortoises in Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(4):801–807;] - get paper here
  • Ernst, Carl H.; Lovich, Jeffrey E. 2009. Turtles of the United States and Canada, 2nd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 827 pp. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Ferguson, Gary W. 1977. Display and Communications in Reptiles: An Historical Perspective. American Zoologist 17: 167-176 - get paper here
  • Fujii, A. & Forstner, R.J. 2010. Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Texas Tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri (Testudinidae), with Implications for Conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 9(1): 61–69 - get paper here
  • Gunter, Gordon 1945. The northern range of Berlandier's tortoise. Copeia 1945 (3): 175 - get paper here
  • Hamilton, Rodgers D. 1944. Notes on mating and migration in Berlandier's turtle. Copeia 1944 (1): 62 - get paper here
  • Hibbitts, Troy D. and Terry L. Hibbitts 2016. Texas Turtles & Crocodilians: a Field Guide. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. xvi + 276 pp., 117 photos, 36 maps. ISBN 978-1477307779.
  • Judd, F.W. & F.L. Rose 1977. Aspects of the Thermal Biology of the Texas Tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri (Reptilia, Testudines, Testudinidae) Journal of Herpetology 11 (2): 147-153. - get paper here
  • Judd, F.W. & F.L. Rose 1989. Egg Production by the Texas Tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri, in Southern Texas Copeia 1989 (3): 588-596. - get paper here
  • Judd, F.W. & J.C. McQueen 1980. Incubation, Hatching, and Growth of the Tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri Journal of Herpetology 14 (4): 377-380. - get paper here
  • Kazmaier, R.T., E.C. Hellgren, D.R. Synatzske & J.C. Rutledge 2001. Mark-Recapture Analysis of Population Parameters in a Texas Tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) Population in Southern Texas Journal of Herpetology 35 (3): 410-417. - get paper here
  • Lamb, Trip;Avise, John C.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1989. Phylogeographic patterns in mitochondrial DNA of the desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizi), and evolutionary relationships among the North American gopher tortoises. Evolution 43 (1): 76-87 - get paper here
  • Lamb, Trip;Lydeard, Charles 1994. A molecular phylogeny of the gopher tortoises, with comments on familial relationships within the Testudinoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3 (4): 283-291 - get paper here
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Legler, J.M.& Vogt, R.C. 2013. The Turtles of Mexico: Land and Freshwater Forms. University of California Press, 416 pp. - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2004. Chelonian Illustrations #14: North and South American Tortoises. Reptilia (GB) (34): 47-50 - get paper here
  • Mittleman, M. B. 1947. Notes on Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz). Copeia 1947 (3): 211 - get paper here
  • MOELLER, CHRISTIN; E. DRAKE RANGEL, SCOTT E. HENKE, SANDRA RIDEOUT-HANZAK, THOMAS DEMAAR & CORD B. EVERSOLE 2022. GOPHERUS BERLANDIERI (Texas Tortoise). MORTALITY. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 486–487.
  • Moll, E.O. 2003. Gopherus berlandieri (Agassiz, 1857) - Texas Tortoise. Patronyms of the Pioneer West. Sonoran Herpetologist 16 (6):38-39. - get paper here
  • Neck, R.W. 1977. Cutaneous Myiasis in Gopherus berlandieri (Reptilia, Testudines, Testudinidae) Journal of Herpetology 11 (1): 96-98. - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de los Reyes, M., D. Lazcano, B. Navarro-Velásquez, and L. D. Wilson. 2017. Predation on Gopherus berlandieri (Testudines: Testudinidae) by Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae) in the wild. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 185–188 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here
  • Nichols, Richard A. 1989. Mitochondrial DNA clues to gopher tortoise dispersal. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4: 192 - get paper here
  • Olson, R.E. 1987. Evaporative Water Loss in the Tortoise Gopherus berlandieri in Ambient Temperature Regimes Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 23(3): 93-100. - get paper here
  • Ottley, John R.; Solis, Victor M. Velazques 1989. An Extant, Indigenous Tortoise Population in Baja California Sur, Mexico, with the Description of a New Xerobates (Chelonii: Testudinidae). Great Basin Naturalist 49 (4): 496 - get paper here
  • Pàmies, E. & A. Garza 2011. Gopherus berlandieri – Terrarienhaltung und Nachzucht der Texas-Gopherschildkröte. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (91): 24-28 - get paper here
  • Rose, F.L. & F.W. Judd 1975. Activity and Home Range Size of the Texas Tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri, in South Texas Herpetologica 31 (4): 448-456. - get paper here
  • Rose, F.L. & F.W. Judd 1991. Egg Size Versus Carapace-xiphiplastron Aperture Size in Gopherus berlandieri Journal of Herpetology 25 (2): 248-250. - get paper here
  • Rose, Francis L.; Frank W. Judd, and Michael F. Small 2011. Survivorship in Two Coastal Populations of Gopherus berlandieri. Journal of Herpetology 45 (1): 75-78. - get paper here
  • SAVAGE, JAY M. 2021. The Nomen Oblitum Rule, Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999): The Case of the Turtle Name Xerobates berlandieri Agassiz, 1857. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 61–62. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K.P., and D. Owens. 1944. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Coahuila, Mexico. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series. Chicago. 29: 97-115. - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1939. An annotated list of the Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 27: 311-320
  • Stanford, Craig B. 2010. THE LAST TORTOISE, A TAIL OF EXTINCTION IN OUR LIFETIMES. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Hardcover, 240 pp.
  • Strecker, John K. 1929. Random notes on the Zoology of Texas. Contributions from Baylor University Museum (18): 1-6
  • Tanzer, Ernest C.;Morrison, Eston O.;Hoffpauir, Charles 1966. New locality records for amphibians and reptiles in Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 11 (1): 131-132 - get paper here
  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Valverde, J. 2011. Die Schildkröten Mexikos. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (91): 16-23 - get paper here
  • Viosca, P., Jr. 1927. Notes on Gopherus berlandieri in Louisiana Copeia 164: 83-84. - get paper here
  • Winchell, S. 2006. Tortoises of North America - an overview of the genus Gopherus. Reptilia (GB) (49): 9-15 - get paper here
  • Winchell, S. & Love, B. 2006. Die Landschildkröten Nordamerikas. Ein Überblick über die Gattung Gopherus. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (62): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Woodbury, Angus M. 1952. Hybrids of Gopherus berlandieri and G. agassizii. Herpetologica 8: 33-36 - get paper here
 
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