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Grayia tholloni MOCQUARD, 1897

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Grayiinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Tholloni's African Water Snake 
SynonymGrayia tholloni MOCQUARD 1897: 11
Grayia fasciata BOULENGER 1901: 2 (fide LOVERIDGE 1957: 268)
Grayia tholloni — SCHMIDT 1923: 95
Grayia tholloni — LOVERIDGE 1936: 33
Grayia tholloni — LAURENT 1954: 45
Grayia tholloni — PERRET 1961
Grayia tholloni — BROADLEY 1998
Grayia tholloni — CHIRIO & INEICH 2006
Grayia tholloni — TRAPE & BALDÉ 2014
Grayia tholloni — WALLACH et al. 2014: 316
Grayia tholloni — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 537
Grayia toloni — MALI et al. 2019 (in error)
Grayia tholloni — CHANEY et al. 2024: 40 
DistributionS Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, N/E/S Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Gambia, Senegal (HR 26: 157; HR 27: 88), Nigeria, Guinea (Conakry), possibly Cameroon (Perret 1961), Zambia, S Chad

Type locality: Congo (Brazzaville).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: MNHN-RA (2), MT (2) (Thollon), largest specimen is 810 mm. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Grayia (Xenurophis) tholloni is defined by the following characters: maximum SVL 900 mm (vs. 965 mm in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 1190 mm in G. (Grayia) ornata, 1400 mm in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 899 mm in G. sp nov.); maximum tail length 490 mm (vs. 692 mm in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 366 mm in G. (Grayia) ornata, 545 mm in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 262 mm in G. (Grayia) obscura); maximum total length 1211 mm (vs. 1322 mm in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 1520 mm in G. (Grayia) ornata, 1855 mm in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 988 mm in G. (Grayia) obscura); dorsal scale rows at midbody 15 (vs. 15 in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 17–19 [rarely 15] in G. (Grayia) ornata, 16–17 [rarely 15 or 18] in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 17 in G. (Grayia) obscura); 1–2 [rarely 4] upper labial scales in contact with the eye (vs. 2 in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 1–2 in G. (Grayia) ornata, 1–2 in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 17 in G. (Grayia) obscura); 100–134 subcaudals (vs. 140–162 in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 65–90 in G. (Grayia) ornata, 75–110 in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 69–79 in G. (Grayia) obscura); 7–9 supralabials (vs. 8 in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, 8–9 [rarely 7] in G. (Grayia) ornata, 7–8 in G. (Grayia) smythii, and 8–10 in G. (Grayia) obscura); ,30 maxillary teeth (vs. .35 in G. (Xenurophis) caesar, ,27 in G. (Grayia) ornata, G. (Grayia) smythii, and G. (Grayia) obscura); and brown or gray dorsum with faint, thin cream bands running down the body (vs. G. (Xenurophis) caesar black or gray dorsum with pale cream bands outlined in black; G. (Grayia) ornata brown, gray, or tan dorsum with dark brown or black body bands that bifurcate on the flanks; G. (Grayia) smythii dark brown dorsum with darker brown or black chevrons and pale cream, yellow scalloped, or triangle pattern on the lower flanks; and G. (Grayia) obscura dark brown or gray dorsum with a small number of black bands that bifurcate on the flanks). (Chaney et al. 2024)


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CommentAn almost entirely aquatic species.

Not in Gabon fide PAUWELS & VANDE WEGHE 2008. 
Etymologynamed after François-Romain Thollon, a botanist at the Muséum d’histoire naturelle (Paris) and the collector of the types. 
References
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  • Barnett, Linda K. & Emms, Craig 2005. Common reptiles of The Gambia. Rare Repro, Hailsham, East Sussex, 24 pp.
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  • Boulenger, G. A. 1901. Materiaux pour la faune du Congo. Batraciens et reptiles nouveaux. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (sect. C. ser. 1) 2: 7-14.
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