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Hapsidophrys lineata FISCHER, 1856

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Black-lined Green Snake 
SynonymHapsidophrys lineatus FISCHER 1856: 111
Hapsidophrys lineatus — BOULENGER 1894: 104
Hapsidophrys lineata — BOULENGER 1897: 278
Gastropyxis orientalis WERNER 1909
Hapsidophrys lineatus — SCHMIDT 1923: 80
Hapsidophrys lineata — LOVERIDGE 1941: 121
Hapsidophrys lineata — RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000
Hapsidophrys lineata — SPAWLS et al. 2001
Hapsidophrys lineatus — BRANCH & RÖDEL 2003
Hapsidophrys lineata — BÖHME et al. 2011: 59
Hapsidophrys lineata — TRAPE & BALDÉ 2014
Hapsidophrys lineatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 319
Hapsidophrys lineata — ULLENBRUCH & BÖHME 2017
Hapsidophrys lineatus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 498
Hapsidophrys lineatus — PAUWELS & COLYN 2023
Hapsidophrys lineatus — SPAWLS et al. 2023
Hapsidophrys lineatus — BÖHME et al. 2023
Hapsidophrys lineatus — TRAPE 2023: 474 
DistributionUganda, W Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, W/C/E Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo, Benin ?, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea (Conakry), Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic, Republic of South Sudan (RSS)

Type locality: Elmina, Ghana.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ZMH; The jar label designates the specimens as types but they did not meet the measurements of the original description. Formerly 3 syntypes in ZMH. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1014 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. Not reported from Benin according to ULLENBRUCH et al. 2010.

Type species: Hapsidophrys lineatus FISCHER 1856 is the type species of the genus Hapsidophrys FISCHER 1856.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “linea”, meaning stripe or line.

The genus is named after Greek ὰψις, hapsis (= bulge, curvature) or (h)apto = to attach, touch, and ὄφρῦς, ophrys = eyebrow or forehead, referring to the fact that the head, short, is strongly arched back and forth between the eyes. The word is feminine even though it has been treated originally as masculine (by Fischer who even explained the etymology; he still got the grammatical gender wrong.) 
References
  • Behangana, M., Ayebare, S., Magala, R., Lukwago, W., Ssekisambu, R. S., Alezuyo, C., ... & Hughes, D. 2023. Establishing baseline data for herpetofauna in western Uganda, an East African biodiversity hotspot: Reptile and amphibian diversity in Uganda. Herpetology Notes, 16, 773-789
  • Böhme, Wolfgang, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Christian Brede & Philipp Wagner 2011. The reptiles (Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia) of the forested southeast of the Republic Guinea (Guinée forestière), with a country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 60 (1): 35-61 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang; Eberhard Fischer & Harald Hinkel 2023. Reptilien aus dem Irangi Forest, Provinz Kivu-Süd, Demokratische Republik Kongo. Sauria 45 (4): 29
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1897. A list of reptiles and batrachians from the Congo Free State, with the description of two new snakes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 19: 276-281 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Branch, W.R. & Rödel, M.-O. 2003. Herpetological survey of the Haute Dodo and Cavally forests, western ivory Coast, Part II: Trapping, results and reptiles. Salamandra 39 (1): 21-38 - get paper here
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  • Fischer, J.G. 1856. Neue Schlangen des Hamburgischen Naturhistorischen Museums. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Hamburg 3 (4): 79-116 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1896. Report on a collection of reptiles and fishes made by Miss M. H. Kingsley during her travels on the Ogowe river and in Old Calabar. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 17: 261-267 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 2013. Snakes of Bénin, West Africa. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 144: 101-159
  • Jesus, J.; Nagy, Z.; Branch, W.; Wink, M.; Brehm, A. & Harris, D. J. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of African green snakes (genera Philothamnus and Hapsidophrys) from São Tomé, Príncipe and Annobon islands based on mtDNA sequences and comments on their colonization and taxonomy. The Herpetological Journal 19: 41-48 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, Arthur 1941. Report on the Smithsonian-Firestone Expedition's collection of reptiles and amphibians from Liberia. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 91 (3128): 113-140 - get paper here
  • Menzies, J.I. 1966. The snakes of Sierra Leone. Copeia 1966 (2): 169-179. - get paper here
  • Pauwels OSG, Morelle S, Albert J-L, Carlino P, Rahola N, Trape J-F. 2019. New reptile records from Lékédi Park and Haut-Ogooué Province, southeastern Gabon. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1) [General Section]: 143–161 (e174) - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O. S., & Colyn, M. 2023. On a Collection of Snakes from Bengamisa, Right Bank of the Congo River, Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 58(6), 81-92
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  • SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1923. Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part II. Snakes, with field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chapin. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 49 (1): 1-146 - get paper here
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  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
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  • Sternfeld, R. 1917. Reptilia und Amphibia. In: Schubotz, H. (Hrsg.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1910-1911 unter Führung Adolph Friedrichs, Herzog zu Mecklenburg. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, [Band] 1, Zoologie, Lieferung 11; S. 407-510. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Ullenbruch, Klaus & Wolfgang Böhme 2017. Six new records of Afrotropical lizard and snake species (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Republic of South Sudan. Bonn zoological Bulletin 66 (2): 139–144 - get paper here
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  • Werner, F. 1899. Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Deutsch-Neu-Guinea grösstentheils aus dem k. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 49: 132-157 - get paper here
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