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Helicops polylepis GÜNTHER, 1861

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Norman's Keelback
Portuguese: Cobra-D’água 
SynonymHelicops polylepis GÜNTHER 1861: 426
Tachynectes chrysostictus COPE 1862: 71
Helicops polylepis — BOULENGER 1893: 280
Helicops spixii JAN 1865: 249
Helicops polylepis — AMARAL 1925
Helicops polylepis — PETERS et al. 1970: 125
Helicops polylepis — DA FROTA 2005
Helicops polylepis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 323
Helicops polylepis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Amazonas, Pará), Colombia, Peru, Bolivia (Beni)

Type locality: Upper Amazon  
Reproductionovovivparous (Braz et al. 2016) 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.13.25 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Helicops polylepis can be distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of 23–26 dorsal scale rows at midbody, the absence of intergenials, and a semidivided nasal scale (for information on references see Suppl. material 3, Schöneberg & Köhler 2021). 
CommentSynonymy mostly that of PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970.

 
EtymologyNamed after Greek polys (πολύς), several + Greek lepis (λεπίς), scales. (GÜNTHER 1861, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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  • Carvalho Teixeira, Cássia de; Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag, and Maria Cristina dos Santos-Costa 2017. Diet Composition and Foraging Habitat Use by Three Species of Water Snakes, Helicops Wagler, 1830, (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Journal of Herpetology 51 (2): 215-222. - get paper here
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