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Hemidactylus bowringii (GRAY, 1845)

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sikkimese Dark-Spotted Gecko, Bowring’s or Asian smooth gecko, Oriental Leaf-toed Gecko
G: Bowrings Gecko
Chinese: 原尾蜥虎 
SynonymDoryura Bowringii GRAY 1845: 156
Lacerta chinensis OSBECK 1765 ?
Leiurus berdmorei BLYTH 1853: 646
Doryura berdmorei — THEOBALD 1868: 29
Hemidactylus coctaei GÜNTHER 1872: 86 (not of DUMÉRIL & BIBRON)
Hemidactylus coctaei — BOULENGER 1885: 137
Hemidactylus bowringii BOULENGER 1885: 139
Hemidactylus bowringii — STEJNEGER 1907: 176
Hemidactylus bowringii — KLUGE 1993
Hemidactylus bowringii — RÖSLER 2000: 85
Hemidactylus cf. bowringii — MAHONY et al. 2009
Hemidactylus bowringii — RÖSLER 2016: 8
Hemidactylus bowringii — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionS China (Hong Kong, Fujian, Yunnan), Taiwan; Vietnam (Ha Noi [Darevsky et al., 1986; Bao Lac [Ho, Nguyen, 1981]; Hon Thom Island [Darevsky, 1990]; Ku Lao Pan Jang Island [Darevsky, 1990], Myanmar (= Burma),
Japan (Ryukyu Islands = Okinawa)

Type locality: unknown; restricted to Hongkong or vicinity by SMITH 1935.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: BMNH 2007.1 (designated by McMahan & Zug, 2007). 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy partly after STEJNEGER 1907.

Distribution: specimens reported from India have been assigned to H. aquilonius (PURKAYASHTA et al. 2010). Not in Nepal or Bhutan. For a map see Wogan et al. 2019. 
Etymologynamed after John Charles Bowring (1821-1893), who donated the types to J.E. Gray. 
References
  • Bansal, Rohini; K. Praveen Karanth 2010. Molecular phylogeny of Hemidactylus geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) of the Indian subcontinent reveals a unique Indian radiation and an Indian origin of Asian house geckos. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 (1): 459-465 - get paper here
  • Bauer, Aaron M. and Barry W. Baker 2012. The Lake Champlain Frontier as a Portal for Accidentally Introduced Asian Geckos. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 19 (1): 60-63 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blyth,E. 1854. Notices and descriptions of various reptiles, new or little-known. Part I. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 22 [1853]: 639-655 - get paper here
  • Bobrov V.V., Semenov D.V. 2008. Lizards of Vietnam [in Russian]. Moscow, 236 pp.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Chan, S.K.F.; Cheung, K.S.; Ho, C.Y.; Lam, F.N. & Tang, W.S. 2006. The geckos of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Biodiversity (13): 1-9
  • Chetia, H., Rout, S. D., & Neog, M. 2024. An Assessment of Herpetofauna in Kakoi Reserve Forest of Lakhimpur District, Assam, India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society (pp. 1-7). Springer India - get paper here
  • Das, I. & B. Dattagupta 1998. Rediscovery of the holotype of Leiurus berdmorei Blyth, 1853 (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Journal of South Asian natural History 3 (1): 51
  • Giri, Varad B.; Bauer, Aaron M. 2008. A new ground-dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Maharashtra, with a key to the Hemidactylus of India. Zootaxa 1700: 21-34 - get paper here
  • Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp.
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1872. Descriptions of some Ceylonese Reptiles and Batrachians. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 9: 85-88 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H-J., Kabisch, K. & Kühnel, K.-D. 1995. Amphibien- und Reptilienbeobachtungen in einigen chinesischen Großstädten. Internationales Symposium für Vivaristik 1995., Mensch-Tier-Umwelt in Lindabrunn (NÖ) Dokumentation: 24-34
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Lazell, J. D. 2002. The herpetofauna of Shek Kwu Chau, South Chinese Sea, with descriptions of two new colubrid snakes. Mem. Hong Kong Nat. Hist. Soc. 25: 82 pp.
  • Lazell, James; Lau, Michael;Lu, Wenhua 1997. A brief herpetological excursion to Wai Ling Ding, Wanshan Islands, South China Sea. Asiatic Herpetological Research 7: 80-84 - get paper here
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • Liang, Yun-Sheng; Wang, Chin-Shiang 1973. Comparative study of osteology on the House Geckos, Hemidactylus bowringii (Gray) and Hemidactylus frenatus Dumeril & Bibron from Taiwan. Fu Jen Studies (7): 63-123
  • Liu-Yu, M.C. 1970. Studies on Taiwan lizards. Biol. Bull. Taiwan Normal Univ. 5: 51-93
  • Lue, Kuang-Yang;Chen, Szu-Lung;Chang, Wei-Sah 1992. Notes on the reptiles collected from the offshore islets of Penghu Archipelago. Journal of Taiwan Museum 45 (1): 15-18
  • Mahony, Stephen; Md. Kamrul Hasan, Md. Mofizul Kabir, Mushfiq Ahmed and Md. Kamal Hossain. 2009. A catalogue of amphibians and reptiles in the collection of Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hamadryad 34 (1): 80 – 94 - get paper here
  • McMahan, C.D. & Zug, G.R. 2007. Burmese Hemidactylus (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae): geographic variation in the morphology of Hemidactylus bowringii in Myanmar and Yunnan, China. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 58 (23-30): 485-509
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Ota, Hidetoshi 1989. A review of the geckos (Lacertilia: Reptilia) of the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan. in: Matsui et al., eds; Current Herpetology in East Asia: Proceedings of the Second Japan-China Herpetological Symposium Kyoto, July 1988: 222-261 - get paper here
  • Pope, CLIFFORD H. 1935. The Reptiles of China. Turtes, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, Nat. Hist. Central Asia, 10: lii, 1-604 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, Jayaditya; Madhurima Das, Aaron M. Bauer, Saibal Sengupta and Sushil K Dutta 2010. Notes on the Hemidactylus Bowringii complex (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in India, and a change to the national herpetofaunal list. Hamadryad 35 (1): 20 – 27 - get paper here
  • Rabbe, M. F., Jaman, M. F., Alam, M. M., Rahman, M. M., & Sarker, M. A. R. 2022. Species diversity, composition, and distribution of the herpetofauna in the Northwestern Region of Bangladesh. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 16(1), 226-234 - get paper here
  • Rabbe, M.F., Alam, M.M. & Rahman, M. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Hemidactylus bowringii (Oriental Leaf-toed Gecko). Herpetological Review 48 (4): 811 - get paper here
  • Rösler H 2016. Bemerkungen über einige Geckoarten der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. Gekkota Suppl. 3: 1-94
  • Rösler, H. 2000. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2: 28-153
  • Stejneger, L. 1910. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 38: 91-114 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1925. Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 66 (2562): 1-115. - get paper here
  • Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 58: xx, 1-577 - get paper here
  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738. - get paper here
  • Wang K, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Qi S, Che J 2022. Updated Checklist and Zoogeographic Division of the Reptilian Fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (4): 21326, 1–31 - get paper here
  • Wang, C. G. M. Z. X., Jia, S. Y. K. T. L., & Hu, C. Z. J. 2022. An updated species checklist of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 22090 - get paper here
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wogan, G., Nguyen, N.S., Golynsky, E., Milto, K., Thaksintham, W., Danaisawat, P., Wang, Y., Shang, G., Yang, J. & Cai, B. 2019. Hemidactylus bowringii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T194106A2299360 - get paper here
  • Xu, Da-De and Xiang Ji 2007. Sexual dimorphism, female reproduction and egg incubation in the oriental leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylus bowringii) from southern China. Zoology 110 (1): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Zug, G.R. & Mulcahy, D.G. 2019. Identification guide Amphibians and reptiles of South Tanintharyi. Fauna & Flora International, 101 pp.
  • Zug, George R.;Win, Htun;Thin, Thin;Min, Than Zaw;Lhon, Win Zaw;Kyaw, Kyaw 1998. Herpetofauna of the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, north-central Myanmar with preliminary observations of their Natural History. Hamadryad 23 (2): 111-120 - get paper here
 
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