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Hemidactylus farasani ŠMÍD, UVIZL, SHOBRAK, BUSAIS, SALIM, ALGETHAMI, ALGETHAMI, ALANZI, ALSUBAIE, ROVATSOS, NOV´ÁKOVA, MAZUCH & CARRANZA, 2022

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Farasan gecko
Arabic: Al Burs Al Farasani (.الفَرَسَاّنِي) 
SynonymHemidactylus farasani ŠMÍD, UVIZL, SHOBRAK, BUSAIS, SALIM, ALGETHAMI, ALGETHAMI, ALANZI, ALSUBAIE, ROVATSOS, NOV´ÁKOVA, MAZUCH & CARRANZA 2022
Hemidactylus turcicus — CUNNINGHAM 2010
Hemidactylus turcicus — MASSETI 2014
Hemidactylus turcicus — MERTENS 1965
Hemidactylus turcicus — SCHÄTTI & GASPERETTI 1994 
DistributionSaudi Arabia

Type locality: Saudi Arabia, Sajid Island of the Farasan Archipelago (16.904°N, 41.898°E, 3 m asl)  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype (Fig. 8). NMP 76104/2 (sample code CN15571), adult male; March 25, 2019; collected by J. Šmíd, S. Carranza, M. Shobrak, S. Busais, A. F. Salim, R. H. M AlGethami, A. R. AlGethami, A. S. K. Alanazi, and S. D. A. Alsubaie. GenBank accession numbers of the genes used in the phylogenetic analyses and MorphoBank accessions are detailed in Supplementary Table S1. The complete mitochondrial genome accession number: OL689328.
Paratypes (Fig. 9). Adult males (NMP 76104/4, NMP 76104/7–8, sample codes CN15575, CN15578, CN15580, respectively), adult females (NMP 76104/1, NMP 76104/5, NMP 76104/6, sample codes CN15570, CN15576, CN15577), juvenile (NMP 76104/9, sample code CN15582), same collection data as the holotype. Adult males (NMP 76105/2, NMP 76105/3, sample codes CN15608, CN15609), adult female (NMP 76105/1, sample code CN15591), Saudi Arabia, Farasan Island (16.826°N, 41.848°E, 8 m asl), March 26, 2019. Juvenile (NMP 76103, sample code CN15589), Saudi Arabia, Farasan Island (16.702°N, 42.055°E, 7 m asl), March 25, 2019. All paratypes have the same collectors as the holotype. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis A species of the Arabian radiation of the genus Hemidactylus (Šmíd et al., 2013a, 2020), a member of the H. robustus species group sensu Šmíd et al. (2015) characterized by the following combination of morphological traits: (1) large, triangular, posteriorly pointed, and distinctly keeled dorsal tubercles arranged in 14 regular rows and interspersed with small granular scales; (2) medium size with maximum recorded SVL 55.4 mm (mean 45.9 ± 5.4 mm st. dev.; range 39.8–55.4 mm in males, 37.1–48.5 mm in females); (3) broad head, particularly in males (mean HW 9.2 ± 1.4 mm in males, 8.4 ± 0.6 in females); (4) tail length being 119–133% of SVL; (5) left and right anterior postmentals not in contact and separated by an inserted scale; (6) anterior postmentals in contact with the first and second infralabials, less frequently with the first infralabial alone; (7) 8–10 supralabials; (8) 7–8 infralabials (8 only in 11% of cases, otherwise 7); (9) 6–7 lamellae under the first toe, and 10–11 lamellae under the fourth toe; (10) 4–6 precloacal pores in males; (11) tail with whorls of enlarged tubercles; (12) enlarged subcaudals; (13) in life grayish or light brown dorsally with dark X-shaped markings across the body. The markings are typically five, the first being in the scapular region, three across the body, and the last in the pelvic area. There is a narrow dark-brown stripe running from the nostril across the eye to the temporal area. Tail with broad alternating black and white bands (when original). Body pinkish ventrally. (ŠMÍD et al. 2022)


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Comment 
EtymologyThe species epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the native inhabitants of the Farasan Islands, the Farasani people. 
References
  • CUNNINGHAM, P. 2009. A contribution to the reptiles of the Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia. African Herp News (50): 21-24 - get paper here
  • Masseti, Marco 2014. Herpetological enigmas from the Arabian seas, with particular reference to the Sarso Island Racer, Platyceps insulanus Mertens, 1965 (Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia). Pp. 99-116. In: M. Capula and C. Corti (eds.) Scripta Herpetologica: Studies on Amphibians and reptiles in honour of Benedetto Lanza. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina
  • Mertens,R. 1965. Eine neue Natter von einer Insel des roten Meeres. Senckenbergiana biologica 46: 5-9
  • Schätti, B. & Gasperetti, J. 1994. A contribution to the herpetofauna of Southwest Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 348-423
  • Šmíd, Jiří; Marek Uvizl, Mohammed Shobrak, Salem Busais, Al Faqih Ali Salim, Raed Hamoud M. AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi AlGethami, Abdulkarim Saleh K. Alanazi, Saad Dasman Alsubaie, Michail Rovatsos, Lucie Nováková, Tomáš Mazuch & Salvador Carranza 2022. Diversification of Hemidactylus geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in coastal plains and islands of southwestern Arabia with descriptions and complete mitochondrial genomes of two endemic species to Saudi Arabia. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 1-23 - get paper here
 
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