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Hemidactylus masirahensis CARRANZA & ARNOLD, 2012

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymHemidactylus masirahensis CARRANZA & ARNOLD 2012: 55
Hemidactylus homoeolepis — ARNOLD 1977: 103 (part.)
Hemidactylus homoeolepis — ARNOLD 1986: 279 (part.)
Hemidactylus homoeolepis — ARNOLD 1986: 419 (part.)
Hemidactylus homoeolepis — SCHÄTTI & DESVOIGNES 1999: 50 (part.)
Hemidactylus homoeolepis — VAN DER KOOIJ 2000: 111 (part.)
Hemidactylus homoeolepis — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008: 115 (part.) 
DistributionOman (Masirah Island)

Type locality: East of R.A.F. camp, North end of Masirah Island (Oman),  
Reproductionoviparous (manual and phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1975.2080, male, collected by T.D. Rogers (MorphoBank M10094–M100115). Paratypes: BMNH1975.2081, female, same collecting data as Holotype; BMNH1975.2082, male from Wadi dhu Mayhi, Masirah Island (Oman), 700 m, collected by T.D. Rogers (MorphoBank M100116–M100137); BMNH1975.2084, female, same data as BMNH1975.2082 (MorphoBank M100158–M100175); BMNH1975.2083, female, same data as BMNH1975.2082 (MorphoBank M100176–M100196); IBES7710, female from Wadi Maahdi, Masirah Island (Oman), collected in October 2010 by S. Carranza and F. Amat (MorphoBank M100220–M100226); ONHM3710, female, same collecting data as IBES7710 (MorphoBank M100227–M100230). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis A small, slender, depressed Hemidactylus with a maximum recorded SVL of 42 mm. Usually with scattered
weakly enlarged scales on sides of dorsum of body that become larger posteriorly especially on sacral region, tail base, and hind legs where they are raised and tuberculate; adhesive pads narrow; lamellae under the 1st toe of pes 6;
lamellae under the 4th toe mean 10.0 (10–11); preanal pores 4 in the two males analyzed (Appendix I); expanded subcaudal scales usually extend almost to tail base. Dorsum with a pattern of irregular dark spots and streaks; tail with 8–9 dark bands that increase in intensity distally contrasting with smaller pale interstices, more distal 4–6 bands extend to ventral surface, each covering two or more whorls distally and being rather broader than interstices.
Hemidactylus masirahensis differs from H. homoeolepis in its larger adult size (SVL mean 32.2 mm, max. 45 mm, compared with mean 31.8 mm, max. 39.7 mm), greater depression of the head and body, more usual presence of dorsal tubercles on the body, lower number of preanal pores in males (4 compared with mean 5.5, 3–6), higher number of lamellae under the 1st toe of pes (6 compared with mean 4.7, 4–5), and under the 4th toe of pes (mean 10.0, 10–11, compared with mean 8.4, 7–11), presence of enlarged tubercles and expanded subcaudal scales usually extend almost to tail base (expanded subcaudal scales beginning some way from tail base in H. homoeolepis), different coloring (dark bands of the tail more conspicuous and marked in H. masirahensis, especially on the underside of tail). Distinguished from H. paucituberculatus by its larger adult size (SVL mean 32.2 mm, max. 45 mm, compared with mean 32.2 mm, max. 38.4 mm), greater depression of head and body, more usual presence of dorsal tubercles on body, lower number of preanal pores in males (4 compared with 6), higher number of lamellae under the 1st toe of pes (6 compared with mean 4.9, 4–5), and under the 4th toe of pes (mean 10.0, 10–11, compared with mean 8.3, 7–9), different coloring (dark bands of the tail more conspicuous and marked in H. masirahensis, especially on the underside of tail). 
Comment 
EtymologyThe species epithet “masirahensis” is an adjective that refers to the place where the species is found, Masirah Island off the coast of Central Oman. 
References
  • Carranza S, Xipell M, Tarroso P, Gardner A, Arnold EN, Robinson MD, et al. 2018. Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PLoS One 13 (2): e0190389 - get paper here
  • Carranza, S., Arnold, E. Nicholas 2012. A review of the geckos of the genus Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Oman based on morphology, mitochondrial and nuclear data, with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 3378: 1–95 - get paper here
  • Carranza, Salvador; Johannes Els; Bernat Burriel-Carranza 2021. A field guide to the reptiles of Oman. Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 223 pp. [review in HR 53 (3): 531] - get paper here
  • Gardner, A.S. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Oman and the UAE. Edition Chimaira, 480 pp.
  • Rösler, Herbert 2015. Bemerkungen über einige Geckos der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. Gekkota, Suppl. (2): 3-54
  • Šmíd, Jiří; Salvador Carranza, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Václav Gvoždík, Abdul Karim Nasher, Jiří Moravec 2013. Out of Arabia: A Complex Biogeographic History of Multiple Vicariance and Dispersal Events in the Gecko Genus Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). PLoS One 8(5): e64018 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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