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Hemidactylus shihraensis BUSAIS & JOGER, 2011

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymHemidactylus shihraensis BUSAIS & JOGER 2011 
DistributionYemen

Type locality: Ghail Bawzeer, Hadhramout, 14° 47′ N, 49° 22′ E.  
Reproductionoviparous (manual and phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: NHM-BS N41911; Collected by A. Nasher, 15.08.2008. Paratypes. NHM-BS N41910 from Ghail Bawzeer; N41908, ZFMK 91984 from Al-Shihr. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: The new species H. shihraensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the members of OTU 6 (H. saba sp. nov.) by the higher mean number of ventral scales (52.50 vs. 31.00 in males and 47.50 vs. 30.00 in females), the higher mean number of upper labials (9.50 vs. 8.50 in males), the lower mean number of scansors under the first toe (6.00 vs. 8.00 in males as well as in females) also the lower mean number of scansors under the fourth toe (10.00 vs. 11.00 in males as well as in females).
Both populations of OTU 5 (H. shihraensis sp. nov.) and OTU 6 (H. saba sp. nov.) have larger num- bers of scansors under the first and fourth toe than the specimen of OTU 7. The single specimen of OTU7 has only five scansors under the first toe and eight scansors under the fourth toe. Furthermore, the num- ber of ventral scales in OTU 7 is lower than the number in OTU 5 but larger than in OTU 6. Moreover, the number of dorsal scales is lower than in both populations of OTU 5 and OTU 6.
The differences among the new species of H. shihraensis sp. nov. and the members of OTU 1 (H. y. montanus ssp. nov.) and OTU 3 (H. jumailiae sp. nov.) were described above.
The members of OTU 5 differ from the OTU 2 (H. y. yerburii) by the high mean number of ventral scales (52.50 vs. 41.00 in males and 47.50 vs. 41.35 in females), the low mean number of dorsal scales (78.00 vs. 91.70 in males and 70.00 vs. 91.30 in females), the low mean number of tubercle dorsal scales (13.00 vs. 15.40 in males and 14.00 vs. 15.30 in females) and the low mean number of male preanal pores (6.00 vs. 12.50) (table 10). The members of OTU 5 differ from the OTU 4 (H. sinaitus) by the high mean number of ventral scales (47.50 vs. 35.00 in females), the high mean number of scansors under the first toe (6.00 vs. 5.00 in females) and the high mean number of scansors under the fourth toe (10.00 vs. 9.00 in females). Though there is only one specimen of the OTU 7, but considerable differences are recognized between OTU 5 and OTU 7 in the high numbers of upper labials (9.50 vs. 8) and the high number of scansors under the fourth toe (10.00 vs. 8.00). The members of OTU 5 differ from the members of OTU 8 (H. robustus) in females by the low mean number of tubercle scales (12.75 vs. 15.60) and the high mean number of upper labials (10.00 vs. 8.60). The new species H. shihraensis sp. nov. differs from H. lemurinus by the distinct character of dorsal tubercles. There are no dorsal tu- bercles in H. lemurinus, furthermore, the number of scansors under the fourth toe is lower in the new species than in H. lemurinus.
The members of OTU 6 (H. saba sp. nov.) differ from the OTU 4 (H. sinaitus) by the low mean number of ventral scales (30.00 vs. 35.00 in females), the high mean number of dorsal scales (80.00 vs. 73.00 in females), the high mean number of scansors under the first toe (8.00 vs. 5.00 in females) and the high mean number of scansors under the fourth toe (11.00 vs. 9.00 in females). The members of OTU 6 differ from the OTU 2 (H. y. yerburii) by the low mean number of ventral scales (31.00 vs. 41.00 in males and 30.00 vs. 41.35 in females), the low mean number of dorsal scales (76.50 vs. 91.70 in males and 80.00 vs. 91.30 in females), the low mean number of tubercle dorsal scales (14.00 vs. 15.40 in males and 14.00 vs. 15.30 in females), the high mean number of scansors under the first toe (8.00 vs. 6.70 in males and 8.00 vs. 6.83 in females) and the low mean number of male preanal pores (6.00 vs. 12.50). There is only one specimen of OTU 7, but considerable differences are recognized between OTU 6 and OTU 7 in the low number of ventral scales (30.00 vs. 41.00), the high numbers of dorsal scales (80.00 vs. 68.00), the high number of scansors under the first toe (8.00 vs. 5.00) and the high number of scansors under the fourth toe (11.00 vs. 8.00).
The members of OTU 6 differ from the members of OTU 8 (H. robustus) in females by the low mean number of ventral scales (30.00 vs. 37.80), the low mean number of tubercle scales (14.00 vs. 15.60) and the high number of scansors under the first toe (8.00 vs. 6.20) and the high number of scansors under the fourth toe (11.00 vs. 9.80). The difference of the sin- gle specimen of OTU 7 and the other species was described above.
The new species H. saba sp. nov. differs from H. lemurinus by the distinct character of dorsal tubercles. There are no dorsal tubercles in H. lemurinus, furthermore, the number of scansors under the first toe is higher in the new species than in H. lemurinus. 
Comment 
EtymologyThe specific name of H. shihraensis sp. nov. refers to the occurrence of the new species in Al-Shihr city, Hadhramout Governorate, Republic of Yemen. 
References
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Busais, Salem & Ulrich Joger 2011. Three new species and one new subspecies of Hemidactylus OKEN, 1817 from Yemen (Squamata, Gekkonidae). Vertebrate Zoology 61 (2): 267 – 280 - get paper here
  • Rösler, Herbert 2015. Bemerkungen über einige Geckos der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. Gekkota, Suppl. (2): 3-54
  • Šmíd, Jiří; Salvador Carranza, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Václav Gvoždík, Abdul Karim Nasher, Jiří Moravec 2013. Out of Arabia: A Complex Biogeographic History of Multiple Vicariance and Dispersal Events in the Gecko Genus Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). PLoS One 8(5): e64018 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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