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Hemidactylus biokoensis WAGNER, LEACHÉ & FUJITA, 2014

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Bioko Leaf-toed Gecko 
SynonymHemidactylus biokoensis WAGNER, LEACHÉ & FUJITA 2014: 9 
DistributionEquatorial Guinea (endemic to Bioko Island)

Type locality: Ureca on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea  
Reproductionoviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: ZFMK 9342 (Fig. 5), adult female, collected by Martin Eisentraut between 17.–30. January 1963. Paratypes. CAS 207624, Equatorial Guinea, Bioko Island, near Malabo (03° 42’ 39.8’’ N, 08° 39’ 59.9’’ E ), collected by L.G. Henwood and J.V. Vindum on 18 October 1998; CAS 207663-4, Equatorial Guinea, Bioko Island, road S of Luba (03° 28’ 06.1’’ N, 08° 29’ 34.2’’ E), collected by L.G. Henwood and J.V. Vindum on 14 October 1998; CAS 207777-8, Equatorial Guinea, Bioko island, ca 3.6 km N (by road) of Luba (03° 28’ 58.9’’ N, 08° 34’ 55.2’’ E); ZFMK 9339-49, same data as the holotype. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A medium sized, broad headed species of Hemidactylus, with a maximum SVL of 80.6 mm and a maximum total length of 166.7 mm. It is overall similar to H. coalescens sp. n. in its morphological characters. Characteristic is the dorsal scalation of pale, smooth and convex tubercle scales irregularly arranged in longitudi- nal rows, and distinct to the dark body crossbands in coloration and the dark bands on the lower side of the tail. In coloration, it is distinct from H. fasciatus by having pale dots on the dark body crossbands (vs. uniform dark crossbands), and by lacking fine, dark stripes within the inter- spaces between the crossbands, and by having the inter- spaces slightly broader than the crossbands (vs. crossbands slightly broader than the interspaces); it is distinct from H. kyaboboensis sp. n. by having distinct body crossbands (vs. indistinct bands and stripes), and by having the extension band on the dorsolateral side of the head narrower than the crossband on the neck (vs. as broad as the crossband); it is distinct from H. eniangii sp. n. by having the upper lip dirty white (vs. brownish), and by hav- ing the first body crossband broader at the median of the neck than on the lateral parts of the neck (vs. broader on the lateral sides); it is distinct from H. coalescens sp. n. by having the band between eye and neck as broad as the crossband on the neck and half the size of the eye height (vs. having a narrow stripe a quarter the size of the eye height), by having the interspaces slightly broader than the crossbands (vs. distinctly broader than the crossbands), by lacking the dark stripe in the center of each interspace between the limps which is present in H. coalescens sp. n., and by having the first body crossband starting on the hind part of the head skull (vs. restricted to the neck); and it is distinct to H. ituriensis by having a dark band as extension of the neck crossband between the eye and the neck (vs. lacking this band), by having interspaces which are slightly broader than the body crossbands (vs. body cross- bands which are distinctly broader than the interspaces), and by having body crossbands with a median notching (vs. without it).
 
CommentHabitat. Only known from coastal areas on Bioko Island where it does not avoid cultural areas (Mertens 1964). Within the Reserva científica de la Caldera de San Carlos is was found in a forest almost immediately adjacent to the beach.
Relationships. This species includes all populations that cluster with those from the Bioko Island with strong support in the Bayesian species delimitation model (Leaché and Fujita, 2010). It is the sister species to H. coalescens, which together form the sister group to H. eniangii sp. n. (Leaché et al. 2014).

Distribution: For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. 
EtymologyThis species is named after Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, where it is endemic. 
References
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; James F. Parham, Rafe M. Brown, Bryan L. Stuart, Lee Grismer, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Wolfgang Böhme, Jay M. Savage, Salvador Carranza, Jesse L. Grismer,, Philipp Wagner, Andreas Schmitz0, Natalia B. Ananjeva and Robert F. Inger 2010. Availability of new Bayesian-delimited gecko names and the importance of character-based species descriptions. Proc. R. Soc. B - doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1330 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Kwet, Axel 2015. Liste der im Jahr 2014 neu beschriebenen Reptilien. Terraria-Elaphe 2015 (3): 50-64 - get paper here
  • Rösler, Herbert 2015. Bemerkungen über einige Geckos der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. Gekkota, Suppl. (2): 3-54
  • SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
  • Wagner, P., Leaché, A. & Fujita, M.K. 2014. Description of four new West African forest geckos of the Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray, 1842 complex, revealed by coalescent species delimitation. Bonn zoological Bulletin 63 (1): 1–14 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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