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Hemiphyllodactylus typus BLEEKER, 1860

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: (Indopacific) Tree Gecko, Indopacific Slender Gecko, Common Dwarf Gecko
G: Gewöhnlicher Halbblattfingergecko
Chinese: 半叶趾虎 
SynonymHemiphyllodactylus typus BLEEKER 1860: 327
Ptyodactylus gracilis BLEEKER 1860
Platydactylus crepuscularis BAVAY 1869
Spathodactylus mutilatus GÜNTHER 1872
Platydactylus (Lepidodactylus) crepuscularis — SAUVAGE 1879: 69
Lepidodactylus crepuscularis — BOULENGER (partim) 1883
Spathoscalabotes mutilatus — BOULENGER 1885: 157
Lepidodactylus crepuscularis — BOULENGER 1885: 163
Lepidodactylus ceylonensis BOULENGER 1885: 164
Lepidodactylus ceylonensis — BOULENGER 1887
Lepidodactylus ceylonensis — BOULENGER 1893: 316
Hemiphyllodactylus ceylonensis — STEJNEGER 1899
Hemiphyllodactylus crepuscularis — STEJNEGER 1899
Hemiphyllodactylus leucostictus STEJNEGER 1899: 800
Lepidodactylus aurantiacus — BARBOUR 1912
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — DE ROOIJ 1915: 46
Lepidodactylus ceylonensis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 48
Hemiphyllodactylus leucostictus — SNYDER 1917: 24
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — TAYLOR 1922
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — BRONGERSMA 1932: 216
Hemiphyllodactylus typus typus — SMITH 1935
Hemiphyllodactylus typus pallidus AUFFENBERG 1980
Hemiphyllodactylus albostictus LAZELL 1989 [in error]
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 239
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — COX et al. 1998: 85
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — CHAN-ARD et al. 1999: 130
Hemiphyllodactylus typus — GRISMER 2011
Hemiphyllodactylus cf. typus — SUPSUP et al. 2016
Hemiphyllodactylus cf. typus — SANGUILA et al. 2016
Hemiphyllodartylus typus — MOHAN 2020 (in error) 
DistributionIndia (Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands), Sri Lanka,
Chapa/Tongking, Indonesia (Komodo, Flores),
Thailand, W Malaysia, Singapore,
Oceania, Myanmar (= Burma), Philippines (Panay, Mindoro, Bohol, Cebu), Sulawesi,
Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Komodo),
China, Taiwan (incl. Lanyu),
Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands,
Tonga, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands, Solomon Islands,
Fiji Islands (Vanua Levu, Viti Levu),
Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues (fide F. Glaw, pers. comm.)

Introduced to Ryukyu Islands (Japan),
Introduced to Iriomotejima Island,
Introduced into the USA (Hawaii)

crepuscularis: New Caledonia; Type locality: “Nouvelle-Calédonie” (locality implied from title of publication);

Type locality: “Agam” [West-Sumatra] [Kluge 1968] and “Goenong Parong (Java)” [= Gunung Parang, West-Java] (Wermuth 1965)

pallidus: Komodo; type locality: gallery forest along Vai Nggulung, Loho Liang, Komodo, 30 m elevation.  
ReproductionThe name Hemiphyllodactylus typus has been restricted to parthenogenetic forms although it used to contain both bisexual and unisexual populations (BAUER & DAS 1999, ZUG 2010). All other species of the genus are bisexual. 
Typesholotype: BMNH 1946.8.30.83
Holotype: lost (Brygoo, 1990:49) [crepuscularis]
Holotype: USNM 23500 [Hemiphyllodactylus leucostictus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2138 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Hemiphyllodactylus typus BLEEKER 1860 is the type species of the genus Hemiphyllodactylus BLEEKER 1860.

Comparisons: for a table of comparative characters across 16 species of Hemiphyllodactylus see H. cattien and Yushchenko et al. 2023 cited therein.

Synonymy and subspecies: mainly after ZUG 2010.

Illustrations: For a color plate of Hemiphyllodactylus typus chapaensis see RÖSLER 1995: 125.FERNER et al. (2001) report males of H. insularis from Panay that should not be included in H. typus by definition.

Distribution: H. typus was probably present in Hawaii before the arrival of Europeans (fide McKeown 1996). Reports from S India (Shevaroy Hills, Anaimalai, Nilghiri Hills etc) are in error and represent H. aurantiacus (Zug 2010; Ishan Agarwal, pers. comm. 20 July 2011). Not recorded from Vanuatu but its absence there is unlikely (INEICH 2011). Reports from Vietnam are erroneous and are based on Hemiphyllodactylus typus chapaensis, now a synonym of H. yunnanensis. For a map see Deso et al. 2020, and Grismer et al. 2020: 172 (Fig. 1, for Thailand).

Behavior: nocturnal 
EtymologyThe species was probably named typus because this species represented the type species for his new genus Hemiphyllodactylus (fide ZUG 2010).

The genus was named after Latin hemi = half, Greek phyllos = leaf, and Greek dactylos = finger, for the shape of the toe pads. 
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  • ZHANG, Bing; Tianyu QIAN; Xiangjin JIANG; Bo CAI; Xuejian DENG and Daode YANG 2020. A New Species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Reptilia: Squamata) from Hunan Province, China. Asian Herpetological Research 11 (3): 183–193; DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.190066 - get paper here
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
  • Zug, G. R. 2010. Speciation and Dispersal in a Low Diversity Taxon: The Slender Geckos Hemiphyllodactylus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae). Smithsonian contributions to zoology (631): 1-70 - get paper here
  • ZUG, G.R. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley, 306 pp. - get paper here
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