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Holbrookia maculata GIRARD, 1851

IUCN Red List - Holbrookia maculata - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaPhrynosomatidae, Phrynosomatinae, Callisaurini; Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesHolbrookia maculata bunkeri SMITH 1935
Holbrookia maculata campi SCHMIDT 1921
Holbrookia maculata dickersonae SCHMIDT 1921
Holbrookia maculata flavilenta COPE 1883
Holbrookia maculata maculata GIRARD 1851
Holbrookia maculata perspicua AXTELL 1956
Holbrookia maculata pulchra SCHMIDT 1921
Holbrookia maculata ruthveni SMITH 1943 
Common NamesE: Lesser Earless Lizard
bunkeri: Bunker’s Earless Lizard
maculata: Northern Earless Lizard
perspicua: Eastern Earless Lizard
pulchra: Huachuca Earless Lizard
ruthveni: Bleached Earless Lizard
thermophila: Western Earless Lizard
S: Lagartija Sorda Pequeña 
SynonymHolbrookia maculata GIRARD 1851: 201
Holbrookia maculata — BOULENGER 1885: 209
Holbrookia maculata — STEBBINS 1985: 116
Holbrookia maculata — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 100
Holbrookia maculata — LINER 1994
Holbrookia maculata — ROSENBLUM et al. in JONES & LOVICH 2009: 154

Holbrookia maculata campi SCHMIDT 1921
Holbrookia maculata campi — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009

Holbrookia maculata flavilenta COPE 1883
Holbrookia maculata flavilenta — SCHMIDT 1922: 720
Holbrookia maculata flavilenta — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009

Holbrookia maculata bunkeri SMITH 1935
Holbrookia bunkeri SMITH 1935: 185
Holbrookia maculata bunkeri — WILLIAMS et al. 1960
Holbrookia maculata bunkeri — CROTHER 2000: 45
Holbrookia maculata bunkeri — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009

Holbrookia maculata dickersonae SCHMIDT 1921
Holbrookia dickersonae SCHMIDT 1921: 2
Holbrookia dickersonae — SMITH 1935: 188
Holbrookia maculata dickersonae — SMITH & MITTLEMAN 1943: 243
Holbrookia maculata dickersonae — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 83
Holbrookia maculata dickersonae — WILLIAMS et al. 1960

Holbrookia maculata perspicua AXTELL 1956
Holbrookia maculata perspicua — CROTHER 2000: 45
Holbrookia maculata perspicua — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009

Holbrookia maculata pulchra SCHMIDT 1921 (see comment)
Holbrookia pulchra SCHMIDT 1921
Holbrookia maculata pulchra — CROTHER 2000: 46
Holbrookia maculata pulchra — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009

Holbrookia maculata ruthveni SMITH 1943
Holbrookia maculata flavilenta COPE 1883
Holbrookia maculata ruthveni — LAXALT 1970
Holbrookia maculata ruthveni — CROTHER 2000: 46
Holbrookia maculata ruthveni — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Holbrookia maculata ruthveni — WAPELHORST 2014 
DistributionUSA (Arizona, New Mexico, N/W Texas, SE Utah, SW/E Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, S South Dakota, SE Wyoming),
Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas)

Type locality: “opposite Grand Island, Platte River, Colorado” (SCHMIDT 1922: 719)

bunkeri: Mexico (Chihuahua); Type locality: 15 miles south of Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico;

campi: Arizona; Type locality: 8 miles N.W. of Adamana, Apache County, Arizona, USA.

dickersonae: Mexico (Coahuila); Type locality: Castanuelas and Alamos de Parras, Coahuila, Mexico.

elegans: USA (New Mexico), Mexico: Chihuahua (LEMOS-ESPINAL et al. 2002, HR 33: 225)

flavilenta: N Arizona, W New Mexico; Type locality: Lake Valley, New Mexico (SCHMIDT 1922), 32°43' N, 107°34' W [Malnate 1971: 358].

maculata: N Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma

perspicua: N Texas, Oklahoma

ruthveni: USA (New Mexico)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: SNOMNH (Sam Noble Museum, Oklahoma, also as OMNH) 10953 fide OMNH catalog; Syntype: MCZ R-167931, R-542
Holotype: KU 19236 David H. Dunkle and Hobart M. Smith; June 19, 1934. Formerly this specimen was H. M. Smith No. 80, as given in the original description [bunkeri]
Holotype: AMNH 7990 [campi]
Holotype: USNM [dickersonae]
Lectotype: ANSP 12664 [flavilenta]
Holotype: SNOMNH (Sam Noble Museum, also as OMNH or UOMZ) 10953, collected 1931 [perspicua]
Holotype: AMNH 14777 [pulchra]
Holotype: FMNH 29452, female; paratypes: FMNH, AMNH, UMMZ [ruthveni] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: Holbrookia maculata pulchra has been considered a synonym of H. m. thermophila by DUELLMAN (1955) and subsequent authors. The subspecies is not listed by BOUNDY et al. 2012. H. m. thermophila is closely related to the Mexican endemic H. m elegans and these two have been considered as a separate species (H. elegans) and subspecies (H. e. thermophila) fide WILGENBUSCH & DE QUEIROZ 2000 and CROTHER 2000. For a discussion of flavilenta see CMIWEB. Holbrookia maculata approximans is now considered as a valid species.

Phylogenetics: Schulte & DE QUEIROZ (2008) showed that Holbrookia maculata is shown to be paraphyletic with respect to Holbrookia propinqua.

Type species: Holbrookia maculata GIRARD 1851 is the type species of the genus Holbrookia GIRARD 1851.

Distribution: based on the map in ROSENBLUM et al. in JONES & LOVICH 2009: 154 (which does not show any subspecies). Not listed for San Luis Potosí by Lemos-Espinal & Dixon 2013. Not in Sonora fide Lemos-Espinal et al. 2019. Not listed for San Luis Potosí by Lemos-Espinal et al. 2018 (checklist SLP). Not in Durango fide Lemos-Espinal (2018). 
EtymologyNamed after John Edwards Holbrook (1794-1871) and its spotted pattern (Latin “maculata”). See Moll (2007) for a short biography.

Holbrookia maculata dickersonae was named after Mary Cynthia Dickerson (1866-1923), former curator of Ichthyology and Herpetology at the American Museum of Natural History (1909-1921). 
References
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