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Hydromedusa maximiliani (MIKAN, 1825)

IUCN Red List - Hydromedusa maximiliani - Vulnerable, VU

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Higher TaxaChelidae, Hydromedusinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Maximilian’s Snake-headed Turtle
G: Brasilianische Schlangenhalsschildkröte
Portuguese: Cágado-da-Serra, Cágado-Pescoço-de-Cobra 
SynonymEmys maximiliani MIKAN 1820
Chelodina Flavilabris DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 446
Chelodina Maximiliani [sic] — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 449
Hydromedusa maximiliana GRAY 1844 (nom. subst. pro E. maximiliani)
Hydromedusa subdepressa GRAY 1855: 68
Hydromedusa depressa GRAY 1855 (nom. subst. pro H. subdepressa)
Hydromedusa bankae GIEBEL 1866
Chelomedusa flavilabris — GRAY 1873: 301 (fide GÜNTHER 1884)
Hydromedusa flavilabris — GRAY 1873: 167
Hydromedusa Maximiliani — GÜNTHER 1884: 422
Hydromedusa maximiliani — BOULENGER 1889
Hydromedusa maximiliani — ALDERTON 1988
Hydromedusa maximiliani — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 50
Hydromedusa maximiliani — TTWG 2014
Hydromedusa maximilliani — COZER et al. 2020 (in error)
Hydromedusa maximiliani — TTWG 2021 
DistributionBrazil (S Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo)

Type locality: "Capitania St. Paulo" (=Sao Paulo), Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: NMW 23391 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3936 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Emys maximiliani MIKAN 1820 is the type species of the genus Hydromedusa WAGLER 1830: 135.

Habitat: freshwater (Small rivers)

Publication date: although often cited as published in 1820, the correct date is 1825, fide Wetmore 1925. 
EtymologyNamed after Maximilian Alexander Philip, Prince zu Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), an aristocratic explorer.

The genus was named after Greek hydor (ύδωρ), water + Greek medeon (μεδέων) → medeousa (μεδέουσα), ruling, holding. [“...Ὺδρομεδουσα, a ύδωρ aqua, et μεδω imperio...”]. 
References
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  • Campinhos, E. C., A. T. Monico, W. D. Lauvers and R. B. G. Clemente-Carvalho 2016. Hydromedusa maximiliani (Tartaruga Pescoco-de-serpente, Maximilian's Snake-necked Turtle) parasitism. Herpetological Review 47(3): 448-449. - get paper here
  • Costa, Henrique C.; Daniella T. de Rezende, Flavio B. Molina, Luciana B. Nascimento, Felipe S.F. Leite, and Ana Paula B. Fernandes 2015. New Distribution Records and Potentially Suitable Areas for the Threatened Snake-Necked Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (1): 88-94. - get paper here
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