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Hydromedusa maximiliani (MIKAN, 1825)

IUCN Red List - Hydromedusa maximiliani - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaChelidae, Hydromedusinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Maximilian’s Snake-headed Turtle
G: Brasilianische Schlangenhalsschildkröte
Portuguese: Cágado-da-Serra, Cágado-Pescoço-de-Cobra 
SynonymEmys maximiliani MIKAN 1820
Chelodina Flavilabris DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 446
Chelodina Maximiliani [sic] — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 449
Hydromedusa maximiliana GRAY 1844 (nom. subst. pro E. maximiliani)
Hydromedusa subdepressa GRAY 1855: 68
Hydromedusa depressa GRAY 1855 (nom. subst. pro H. subdepressa)
Hydromedusa bankae GIEBEL 1866
Chelomedusa flavilabris — GRAY 1873: 301 (fide GÜNTHER 1884)
Hydromedusa flavilabris — GRAY 1873: 167
Hydromedusa Maximiliani — GÜNTHER 1884: 422
Hydromedusa maximiliani — BOULENGER 1889
Hydromedusa maximiliani — ALDERTON 1988
Hydromedusa maximiliani — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 50
Hydromedusa maximiliani — TTWG 2014
Hydromedusa maximilliani — COZER et al. 2020 (in error)
Hydromedusa maximiliani — TTWG 2021 
DistributionBrazil (S Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo)

Type locality: "Capitania St. Paulo" (=Sao Paulo), Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: NMW 23391 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3936 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Emys maximiliani MIKAN 1820 is the type species of the genus Hydromedusa WAGLER 1830: 135.

Habitat: freshwater (Small rivers)

Publication date: although often cited as published in 1820, the correct date is 1825, fide Wetmore 1925. 
EtymologyNamed after Maximilian Alexander Philip, Prince zu Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), an aristocratic explorer.

The genus was named after Greek hydor (ύδωρ), water + Greek medeon (μεδέων) → medeousa (μεδέουσα), ruling, holding. [“...Ὺδρομεδουσα, a ύδωρ aqua, et μεδω imperio...”]. 
References
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  • Campinhos, E. C., A. T. Monico, W. D. Lauvers and R. B. G. Clemente-Carvalho 2016. Hydromedusa maximiliani (Tartaruga Pescoco-de-serpente, Maximilian's Snake-necked Turtle) parasitism. Herpetological Review 47(3): 448-449. - get paper here
  • Costa, Henrique C.; Daniella T. de Rezende, Flavio B. Molina, Luciana B. Nascimento, Felipe S.F. Leite, and Ana Paula B. Fernandes 2015. New Distribution Records and Potentially Suitable Areas for the Threatened Snake-Necked Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (1): 88-94. - get paper here
  • Cozer, J. S., Pereira-Ribeiro, J., Linause, T. M., Ferreguetti, A. C., de Godoy Bergallo, H., & da Rocha, C. F. D. 2020. Reptile diversity in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos De Zoologia, 60: e20206040 - get paper here
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  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Thais Figueiredo Santos Silva, Patrícia Mendes Fonseca, Breno Hamdan, Thiago Filadelfo 2019. Herpetofauna of Serra do Timbó, an Atlantic Forest remnant in the State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 245-260 - get paper here
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  • Gray,J.E. 1855. Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 15: 67-69 - get paper here
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  • Günther, A. 1884. Contribution to our knowledge of Hydromedusa, a genus of South-American freshwater turtles. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 14: 421-425 - get paper here
  • Martins, F.I. & F.L. Souza 2008. Estimates of Growth of the Atlantic Rain Forest Freshwater Turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Chelidae) Journal of Herpetology 42 (1): 54-60. - get paper here
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  • Mertens, R. 1967. Bemerkenswerte Süßwasserschildkröten aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48 (1): 71-82
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  • OLIVEIRA, J.C.F., SANTOS, R, LOPES-SILVA, M.L., BARROS, L.P.V., RISSE-QUAIOTO, B, MILITÃO C.M., FATORELLI, P., BELMOCH, F.A.L., CASTRO, T. M., ROCHA, C.F.D. 2020. Reptiles of the Serra das Torres Natural Monument: using the Rapid Assessment method to fill a knowledge gap in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 20 (2): e20190726 - get paper here
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  • Wetmore, A. 1925. Dates of publication of Mikan’s Flora and Fauna of Brazil. The Auk 42 (2): 183 - get paper here
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  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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