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Hydromorphus concolor PETERS, 1859

IUCN Red List - Hydromorphus concolor - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Costa Rica Water Snake 
SynonymHydromorphus concolor PETERS 1859: 277
Hydromorphus clarki DUNN 1942
Hydromorphus clarki — VILLA et al. 1988
Hydromorphus concolor — BAUER et al. 1995: 72
Hydromorphus concolor — SAVAGE 2002: 605
Hydromorphus concolor — WALLACH et al. 2014: 339
Hydromorphus concolor — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionGuatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; Colombia (vicinity of Buenaventura, locality of Basam; F. Castro, pers. comm.); elevation (Honduras): 900 m

Type locality: Costa Rica [by implication]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 2493
Holotype: ANSP 23910; Panama, Agua Clara village, nr. Chargres River [Hydromorphus clarki DUNN 1942] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4015 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentRelative abundance in Honduras: rare

Type species: Hydromorphus concolor PETERS 1859: 277 is the type species of the genus Hydromorphus PETERS 1859. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin concolor, of uniform color throughout; without spots. [“...ein Weibchen, ist oben dunkelgraubraun, die Körperseiten und die Unterseite sind heller, indem die Schuppen und Schilder hier zum Theil schmutzig gelb sind...”].

The genus was named after Latin Hydrus, snake genus due to Schneider, 1799 (see) + Greek morpho (μορφή), form, shape. ["...Diese neue Gattung schließt sich durch die Körperform zunächst an die Hormalopsidae mit ungefurchten hinteren Zähnen, Calopisma, Hypsirhina und Hydrops an, ist aber durch eigentümlichen Kieferbau, Bezahnung und Kopfschilder leicht zu unterscheiden..."]. 
References
  • Barrio-Amorós, Cesar Luis, Michelle Quiroz, Cristian Porras-Ramírez, Rene Villanueva-Maldonado, Alejandro Estrada-García, Abel Batista 2023. Amphibians and reptiles encountered during an expedition to Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18359 - get paper here
  • Bauer, A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • Crother, B.I. 1989. A Redescription of the Hemipenis of Hydromorphus concolor (Colubridae) with Comments on Its Tribal Allocation Copeia 1989 (1): 227-229. - get paper here
  • Fuentes, Rogemif; Aschcroft, Jesse; Erick Barría, Helio Quintero-Arrieta, Alexis Baules, Abel Batista, Eduardo Zambrano, Marcos Ponce 2023. Herpetological diversity in forests of Portobelo National Park, Colón Biological Corridor, Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18434 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, S.R. 2006. Note on the Testicular cycle of the costa Rica water Snake, Hydromorphus concolor (serpentes: Colubridae) Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 42(4): 169-170. - get paper here
  • Hilje B, Chaves G, Klank J, Timmerman F, Feltham J, Gillingwater S, Piraino T, Rojas E 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tirimbina Biological Reserve: a baseline for conservation, research and environmental education in a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Check List 16(6): 1633-1655 - get paper here
  • Höbel, G. 2008. The amphibians and reptiles of the Golfo Dulce region - Los anfibios y reptiles de la región del Golfo Dulce. Stapfia 88, Neue Serie 80 (2008): 305-328
  • Jansen, M. & G. Koehler 2002. Biogeographische Analyse der Herpetofauna von ausgewählten Hochlandgebieten Nicaraguas. Salamandra 38 (4): 269-286 - get paper here
  • JUSTINEK, UWE 2020. Für 6 Tage auf Schlangensuche in Costa Rica. Ophidia 14 (1): 15-26
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Laking AE, Solís JM, Brown T, Maddock ST, Burdekin O, Taylor P, Lonsdale G, Green SEW, Martin TE, Galdamez JR, Kolby JE, Erens J, Jocque M 2024. The amphibians and reptiles of Cusuco National Park, Northwest Honduras: updates from a long-term conservation programme. In: Lipińska M, Lopez-Selva MM, Sierra JM (Eds) Biodiversity research in Central America. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 19(2): 37-62 - get paper here
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
  • McCranie, J. & Castañeda, F.E. 2005. The herpetofauna of Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Honduras. Phyllomedusa 4 (1): 3-16 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • Nelson, C. E. 1966. Systematics and distribution of snakes of the Central American genus Hydromorphus (Colubridae). Texas Journal of Science 18: 365-371.
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Peters,W. 1859. Über die von Hrn. Dr. Hoffmann in Costa Rica gesammelten und an das Königl. Zoologische Museum gesandten Schlangen. Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 275-278 - get paper here
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Savage,J.M. & Donnelly,M.A. 1988. Variation and systematics in the colubrid snakes of the genus Hydromorphus. Amphibia-Reptilia 9: 289-300 - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Solorzano, A. 2004. Serpientes de Costa Rica - Snakes of Costa Rica. Editorial INBio, Costa Rica, 792 pp.
  • Solorzano, Alejandro 1989. Notes on the natural history and karyotype of the colubrid snake, Hydromorphus concolor Peters, from Costa Rica. Journal of Herpetology 23 (3): 314-315 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Townsend, J. H., L. D. Wilson, M. Medina-Flores, E. Aguilar-Urbina, B. K. Atkinson et al. 2012. A premontane hotspot for herpetological endemism on the windward side of Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat, Honduras. Salamandra 48 (2): 92-114 - get paper here
  • Vences M., Franzen M., Flaschendräger A., Schmitt R. & Regös J. 1998. Beobachtungen zur Herpetofauna von Nicaragua: kommentierte Artenliste der Reptilien. Salamandra 34 (1): 17-42 - get paper here
  • Villa J D 1990. Hydromorphus Peters. Central American watersnakes. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 472: 1-2 - get paper here
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