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Hydrophis anomalus (SCHMIDT, 1852)

IUCN Red List - Hydrophis anomalus - Data Deficient, DD
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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Elapoidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Anomalous Sea Snake 
SynonymThalassophis anomala SCHMIDT 1852: 81
Hydrophis anomala — FISCHER 1856: 58
Thalassophis anomalus — SMITH 1943: 466
Hydrophis anomalus — TAYLOR 1965: 1012
Thalassophis anomalus — MURPHY, COX & VORIS 1999
Thalassophis anomalous — STUEBING & INGER 1999: 222 (in error)
Thalassophis anomalus — RASMUSSEN et al. 2011
Thalassophis anomalus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 716
Hydrophis [Thalassophis] anomalus — LEVITON et al. 2014: 502
Hydrophis [Thalassophis] anomalus — LEVITON et al. 2018: 459
Thalassophis anomalus — MILTO & LUKIN 2020 
DistributionSouth Chinese Sea (Malaysia, Gulf of Thailand), Vietnam, Indian Ocean (Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Borneo)

Type locality: “Rhede von Samarang” (= Semarang ?), coast of Java.  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMH R03342 (formerly no. 402); 1 paratype ZMH R03343 (formerly no. 406). 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2350 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Habitat: marine.

Type species: Thalassophis anomala SCHMIDT 1852: 81 is the type species of the genus Thalassophis SCHMIDT 1852.

Taxonomy: it seems that there are no DNA sequences that have been used in a phylogenetic analysis (although there is some UCE data in Genbank). Hence it’s difficult to say if the generic assignment of this species is correct. 
References
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Fischer, J.G. 1856. Die Familie der Seeschlangen. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Hamburg 3: 1-78 - get paper here
  • Kharin, V. E. 2006. An Annotated Checklist of Sea Snakes of Vietnam, with Notes on a New Record of the Yellow-Lipped Sea Krait, Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799)(Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 32 (4): 223–228. - get paper here
  • Kharin, Vladimir E.; Jakob Hallermann 2009. Annotated catalogue of sea kraits (Laticaudidae) and sea snakes (Hydrophiidae) of the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. 106: 51-67
  • Kopstein, F. 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Eierkunde und zur Fortpflanzung der Malaiischen Reptilien. Bull. Raffles Mus. No 14: 81-167
  • Murphy,J.C.; Cox,M.J. & Voris,H.K. 1999. A key to the sea snakes in the gulf of Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 47: 95-108
  • RASMUSSEN, ARNE REDSTED; JOHAN ELMBERG, PETER GRAVLUND & IVAN INEICH 2011. Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key. Zootaxa 2894: 1–20 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Philipp 1852. Beiträge zur ferneren Kenntniss der Meerschlangen. Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamburg 2 (2): 69-86 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1916. Note on a rare sea snake (Thalassophis anomalus) from the coast of Siam. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam 2: 176-7 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1920. On sea snakes from the coasts of the Malay peninsula, Siam and Cochin-China. J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. Singapore 10 (1): 1-63 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp. - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B. & INGER, R.F. 1999. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo. Natural history Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 254 pp. [corrections in HR 31: 124]. - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. 2014. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo, second edition. Natural history Publications (Borneo)
  • Taylor,E.H. 1965. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 45 (9): 609-1096 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weinell, Jeffrey L.; Errol Hooper, Alan E. Leviton, Rafe M. Brown 2019. Illustrated Key to the Snakes of the Philippines. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 66 (1): 1-49 - get paper here
 
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