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Hydrophis bituberculatus PETERS, 1873

IUCN Red List - Hydrophis bituberculatus - Data Deficient, DD
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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Peters' Sea Snake 
SynonymHydrophis bituberculatus PETERS 1873: 855
Distira bituberculatus — BOULENGER 1896
Lioselasma bituberculatus — WALL 1921: 367
Hydrophis bituberculatus — SMITH 1943: 458
Hydrophis cyanocinctus DERANIYAGALA 1955 (part.)
Hydrophis (Aturia) bituberculatus — MCDOWELL 1972: 229
Aturia bituberculata — WELCH 1994: 25
Hydrophis bituberculatus — RASMUSSEN 1992
Chitulia bituberculata — KHARIN 2005
Chitulia bituberculata — KHARIN & DOTSENKO 2012
Hydrophis bituberculata — SANDERS et al. 2012 (by implication)
Chitulia bituberculata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 165
Chitulia bituberculata — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 278 
DistributionIndian Ocean (Sri Lanka, Thailand)

Type locality: “Colombo (Ceylon)”  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 4647 (female collected at Colombo, Sri Lanka) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis. Seven to eight maxillary teeth behind poison fang, 247-290 ventral scales, 25-29 scale rows on neck, 43-50 scale rows on body. Dorsal scales with two-crested median keel. Number of body vertebrae 163-183, tip of heart extending to vertebrae number 71-82. Head blackish with weak pale ring around eye and similar light supralabials. Body and tail encircled by black bands (37-51 on body, 6-10 on tail), interspaces between bands narrower than bands, especially dorsally and anteriorly. (Rasmussen 1992)


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CommentVenomous!

Habitat: marine. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin bis (= twice) + Latin tuberculatus (= warty), apparently after the two-crested median keel. 
References
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Herre, Albert W. C. T. 1942. Notes on Philippine sea-snakes. Copeia 1942 (1): 7-9 - get paper here
  • Kharin, V.E. & Dotsenko I.B. 2012. The First Record of the Sea Snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 from the Arabian Sea with Notes on the Composition of the Genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). [in Russian and English]. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 38 (1): 35–42 - get paper here
  • Kharin, Vladimir E. and Vladimir P. Czeblukov 2007. On First Reliable Record of the Sea Snake Chitulia belcheri (Gray, 1849) from Australian Waters, with Notes on Species Composition and Taxonomic Status of the Genus Chitulia (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 33 (3): 161–165. - get paper here
  • McDowell, S. B. 1972. The genera of sea-snakes of the Hydrophis group (Serpentes: Elapidae). Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond 32: 189-247 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1873. Hr. W. Peters las über den Hydrus fasciatus Schneider und einige andere Seeschlangen. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1872 (December): 848-861 - get paper here
  • Rasmussen, A.R. 1992. Rediscovery and redescription of Hydrophis bituberculatus Peters 1872 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Herpetologica 48 (1): 85-97 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Somaweera, R. & N. Somaweera 2009. An overview of Sri Lankan Sea snakes with an annotated checklist and a field key. Taprobanica 1 (1): 43-54 - get paper here
  • Wall, FRANK 1921. Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes of Ceylon. Colombo Mus. (H. R. Cottle, govt. printer), Colombo. xxii, 581 pages - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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