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Hydrops caesurus SCROCCHI, FERREIRA, GIRAUDO, ÁVILA & MOTTE, 2005

IUCN Red List - Hydrops caesurus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cobra-D’água 
SynonymHydrops caesurus SCROCCHI, FERREIRA, GIRAUDO, ÁVILA & MOTTE 2005
Hydrops triangularis bolivianus — WILLIAMS & COUTURIER 1984
Hydrops triangularis bolivianus — WILLIAMS & FRANCINI 1991
Hydrops triangularis bolivianus — CEI 1993
Hydrops triangularis bolivianus —WILLIAMS & SCROCCHI 1994
Hydrops triangularis — ÁLVAREZ & AGUIRRE 1995
Hydrops triangularis — BUONGERMINI & WALLER 1998
Hydrops triangularis — GIRAUDO 2002
Hydrops caesurus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 342
Hydrops caesurus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionNE Argentina (Formosa, Chaco, NE Santa Fe, Corrientes), Brazil (S Mato Grosso, W Mato Grosso do Sul), C Paraguay (Paraná and Plata river baisins, from Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, through Paraguay and Paraná Rivers, with records from Paraná River in Argentina).

Type locality: Departamento Itapúa, Isla Paloma, Canal de los Jesuitas, Paraguay.  
Reproductionoviparous (Braz et al. 2016) 
TypesHolotype: MNHNP (Paraguay) 06698; Paratype: UNNE (= UNNEC) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis. Distinguished from all congeners by the presence of two longitudinaldorsal rows of transverse spots. The belly has transverse black bands that extends up to the back, intercalating between the dorsal spots; all other taxain the genus have transversebands in the dorsum. Some specimens of Hydrops triangularisfasciatus have bands that do not reach the vertebralline, but this species has no dorsal spots. All specimens we examined have a cream spot in the sixth supralabialscale that can reach part of adjacent scales. Hydrops caesurus has the lowest total number of ventral counts (ventralsplus subcaudals)in the genus: 184-213 instead of 209-258 in other species. It differs from Hydrops martii (Wagler, 1830) in having 15 rows of dorsal scales instead of 17. (Scrocchi et al. 2005)


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Comment 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin caesura, meaning cut, pause. Hydrops caesurus is the only species in the genus that has no bands on the dorsum and the spots on it seem like an interrupted band. 
References
  • Albuquerque, N.R. de & De Lema, T. 2008. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical water snake Hydrops triangularis (Serpentes, Colubridae). Zootaxa 1685: 55–66 - get paper here
  • Alvarez B B & Aguirre, R. 1995. Presencia de Hydrops trianguligerus (Wagler 1830) en la zona de Yaciretá, Paraguay. Facena 11: 109-112 - get paper here
  • Braz, Henrique B.; Rodrigo R. Scartozzoni, Selma M. Almeida-Santos 2016. Reproductive modes of the South American water snakes: A study system for the evolution of viviparity in squamate reptiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger 263: 33-44; doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2016.04.003 - get paper here
  • Buongermini-P., Emilio;Waller, Tomas 1998. Geographic Distribution. Hydrops triangularis. Herpetological Review 29 (2): 113 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Céspedez, J.A. y B.B. Álvarez 2005. LISTA DE EJEMPLARES TIPOS Y DE ESPECIES DE LA COLECCIÓN HERPETOLÓGICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL NORDESTE, CORRIENTES, ARGENTINA (UNNEC). Facena 21: 139-144
  • Etchepare, Eduardo; Víctor Zaracho, Romina Semhan and Roberto Aguirre. 2012. Further notes on the reproduction of Hydrops caesurus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Corrientes, Argentina. Herpetology Notes 6: 169-170
  • Giraudo, A. R. 2002. Serpeintes de la Selva Paranaense y del Chaco Húmedo. L.O.L.A. Buenos Aires [2001]
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • May, Rudolf von; Nelson Rufino de Albuquerque, Henrique Bartolomeu Braz, Roy Santa-Cruz, Emanuele Biggi, Francesco Tomasinelli, Daniel L. Rabosky 2019. Distribution of the Neotropical water snakes Hydrops caesurus, H. martii, and H. triangularis in South America, with new records from Peru and Brazil. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): 122–142 (e173).
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, G.J.; Lucia Ferreira, V; Giraudo, A.R.; Ávila, R.W. & Motte, M. 2005. A new species of Hydrops (Serpentes: Colubridae: Hydropsini) from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Herpetologica 61 (4): 468-477 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Williams, J. & Couturier, G. 1984. Primera cita del género Hydrops Wagler 1830 para la República Argentina (Serpentes: Colubridae). Historia Natural 4: 61-66
  • Williams,J.D. & Francini,F. 1991. A checklist of the Argentine snakes. Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 9 (1): 55-90
  • Williams,J.D. & Scrocchi, G.J. 1994. Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. Vol. 42, Fasc. 3 - Ophidia, Lepidosauria. PROFADU (CONICET) La Plata: 1-55 [Universidad Nacional de La Plata] - get paper here
  • Zaracho, Víctor Hugo; Ingaramo, María del Rosario; Semhan, Romina Valeria; Etchepare, Eduardo; Acosta, José Luis; Falcione, Ana Camila; Álvarez, Blanca 2014. Herpetofauna de la Reserva Natural Provincial Isla Apipé Grande (Corrientes, Argentina). Cuad. herpetol. 28 (2): 153-160 - get paper here
 
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