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Karnsophis siantaris MURPHY & VORIS, 2013

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Higher TaxaHomalopsidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sumatran Short-tailed Snake 
SynonymKarnsophis siantaris MURPHY & VORIS 2013
Brachyorrhos albus – BLEEKER 1857a: 472
Brachyorrhos albus – BLEEKER 1860: 286
Brachyorrhos albus – LUDEKING 1867: 50
Karnsophis siantaris — MURPHY & VORIS 2013
Karnsophis siantaris — MURPHY & VORIS 2014: 9
Karnophis siantaris — O’SHEA & KAISER 2016 (in error) 
DistributionIndonesia (Sumatra)

Type locality: Siantar, Sumatera Utara, Sumatra, Indonesia (~1°58' N, 99°47' E).  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: USNM 103578, an adult male. The holotype was collected in 1937, the collector is unknown, but see discussion in Murphy & Voris 2013. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): A fangless homalopsid with 19 scale rows (not reduced posteriorly) distinguished from Brachyorrhos by depressed skull; rostral not visible from above; eye diameter greater than eye-mouth distance; countersunk lower jaw; and laterally compressed tail. Distinguished from Calamophis by 19 scale rows just anterior to vent (17 in Calamophis); divided internasal (single in Calamophis); divided nasal scale (single in Calamophis); and two postoculars (one in Calamophis). Premaxillary absent and nasal bones greatly reduced in size. Neural spine present on atlas (absent in Brachyorrhos).


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CommentType species: Karnsophis siantaris MURPHY & VORIS 2013 is the type species of the genus Karnsophis MURPHY & VORIS 2013.

Known only from the type specimen.

Diet: Stomach contains a very well digested frog with visible eggs and toes. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality, Siantar.

Etymology (genus): Named in honor of Daryl R. Karns for his contributions to homalopsid snake biology. 
References
  • Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2013. An Unusual, Fangless Short-tailed Snake (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian Herpetological Research 4 (2): 140–146 - get paper here
  • Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2014. A Checklist and Key to the Homalopsid Snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the Description of New Genera. FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES (8): 1–43 - get paper here
  • O’Shea M and Kaiser H. 2016. The first female specimen of the poorly known Arfak Stout-tailed Snake, Calamophis sharonbrooksae Mur- phy, 2012 (Serpentes: Colubroidea: Homalopsidae), from the Vogelkop Peninsula of Indonesian West New Guinea, with comments on the taxonomic history Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10(2) [General Section]: 1–10 (e122)
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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