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Kinyongia fischeri (REICHENOW, 1887)

IUCN Red List - Kinyongia fischeri - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Fischer’s chameleon
G: Fischers Chamäleon 
SynonymChamaeleon fischeri REICHENOW 1887: 371
Chamaeleon fischeri — TORNIER 1897: 57
Chamaeleon tornieri WERNER 1902
Bradypodion fischeri — NECAS 1999: 191
Bradypodion fischeri fischeri — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 12
Kinyongia fischeri — TILBURY et al. 2006
Kinyongia fischeri — MARIAUX et al. 2008
Kinyongia fischeri — TILBURY 2010: 369
Kinyongia fischeri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 268 
DistributionTanzania (Nguru Mts.)

Type locality: Nguru Mts., Tanzania.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 10744 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2771 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: not in the Usambara or Uluguru Mountains.

Type species: Chamaeleon fischeri REICHENOW 1887 is the type species of the genus Kinyongia TILBURY, TOLLEY & BRANCH 2006.

Synonymy: Chamaeleon matschiei WERNER 1895 and Chamaeleon fischeri vosseleri NIEDEN 1913 have been removed from the synonymy of K. fischeri.

Subspecies: Both Kinyongia fischeri multituberculatus (NIEDEN 1913) and K.f. uluguruensis have been elevated to species status.

van Hoof et al. (2006) give REICHENOW 1894 as author of B. f. multituberculatum.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Johann Gustav Fischer (1819-1889), German herpetologist working in Hamburg.

This genus is named after the generic Swahili name for chameleon “Kinyonga” and identifies it as a genus that is largely confined to Swahili speaking countries (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda). The name is Latinized by terminating the name spelling with the letters ia giving it a feminine gender. Thus the specific names remain unaltered. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. & C. Klaver 1990. Zur Kenntnis von Bradypodion uthmoelleri (MÜLLER, 1938). Salamandra 26 (4): 260-266 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Lantermann, W. 2000. Begegnungen mit Chamäleons in Ostafrika. Elaphe 8 (1): 67-72
  • Lantermann, W. & Lantermann, Y. 2005. Chamäleons in den Westlichen Usambara-Bergen in Nord-Tansania. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (56): 72-76 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1957. On a third collection of reptiles taken in Tanganyika by C.J.P. Ionides, Esq. Tanganyika Notes and Records 43: 1-19
  • Mariaux, Jean; Lutzmann, N. & Stipala, Jan 2008. The two-horned chamaeleons of East Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152, 367–391 - get paper here
  • Menegon M, Tolley KA, Jones T, Rovero F, Marshall AR, Tilbury CR 2009. A new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae: Kinyongia) from the Magombera forest and the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania. African Journal of Herpetology 58 (2): 59-70 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. 1994. Bemerkungen zur Chamäleon-Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, mit vorläufiger Beschreibung eines neuen Chamäleons aus Kenia (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Herpetozoa 7 (3/4): 95-108. - get paper here
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Nieden, F. 1913. Chamaeleon fischeri Rchw. und seine Unterarten. Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 1913: 231-249.
  • Okajima Y, Kumazawa Y 2010. Mitochondrial genomes of acrodont lizards: timing of gene rearrangements and phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:141 - get paper here
  • Reichenow, A. 1887. Neue Wirbelthiere des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin. Zool. Anz. 10: 369- 372. - get paper here
  • Rovero, F., Menegon, M., Fjeldså, J., Collett, L., Doggart, N., Leonard, C., Norton, G., Owen, N., Perkin, A., Spitale, D., Ahrends, A., Burgess, N. D. 2014. Targeted vertebrate surveys enhance the faunal importance and improve explanatory models within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. Diversity and Distributions. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12246 - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Tilbury C.R., Tolley K.A. & Branch W.R. 2006. A review of the systematics of the genus Bradypodion (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), with the description of two new genera. Zootaxa 1363, 23–38 (correction in Zootaxa 1426: 68) - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • Tornier,G. 1897. Die Kriechthiere Deutsch-Ostafrikas. Beiträge zur Systematik und Descendenzlehre. D. Reimer, Berlin, 164 pp. - get paper here
  • Tornier,G. 1902. Herpetologisch Neues aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 578-590 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • van Hoof, J. et al. 2006. Kameleons, een fascinerende hobby. Lacerta 64 (5-6): 1-96 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1895. Über einige Reptilien aus Usambara (Deutsch-Ostafrika). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 45: 190—194 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1902. Prodromus einer Monographie der Chamäleonten. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 295- 460. - get paper here
 
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