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Lachesis rhombeata (WIED, 1824)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Atlantic Forest bushmaster 
SynonymLachesis rhombeata WIED 1824
Lachesis rhombeata — WIED 1825
Trigonocephalus (Lachoesis) brasiliensis LIAIS 1872: 306
Trigonocephalus rhombeatus — LIAIS 1872: 306
Lachoesis rhumbeata — LIAIS 1872: 306
Lachesis muta noctivaga HOGE 1966
Lachesis muta rhombeata — HOGE & ROMANO 1978: 54
Lachesis muta rhombeata — MARQUES et al. 2016
Lachesis rhombeata — HAMDAN et al. 2024: 20 
DistributionBrazil (Atlantic forests of Alagoas, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Ceará; Espirito Santo, Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte (CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004, Rodrigo C.G de Souza, pers. comm.).

Type locality: “Brazil”, restricted to Bahia, Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais, by Wied 1825. Further restricted to “Vitoria, ES, Brazil” by Hamdan et al. 2024.

noctivaga: Type-locality: Vitoria, ES, Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous; one of the few snakes that show a form of parental care. After laying eggs in underground burrows it remains curled around them for some time. 
TypesType(s): Unlocated, fide McDiarmid et al. 1999. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis. Lachesis rhombeata (Fig. 11) is distinguished from Lachesis melanocephala by having top of head brown, with or without black markings and postocular stripe separate from head colouration (vs. dorsum of the head completely black with postocular stripe not distinguishable from black head colouration); from L. stenophrys by having ventrals 219 to 236 and 95% confidence interval 1⁄4 224–228, top of the head with black markings and without lateral vertical bars (vs. ventrals 191–209 and top of the head without black markings or with only a few small dots or speckles in the frontal and parietal regions; with dark blotches forming vertical bars laterally); from L. acrochorda by having dorsal blotches distinctly diamond shaped, the intraspaces of each lateral triangular portion of the dorsal blotches frequently pale, about the same hue as ground colour, ventral surface of tail mostly pale [vs. dorsal blotches irregular, not distinctly diamond shaped, dorsal blotches with intraspaces dark brown, conspicuously darker than ground colour, ventral surface of tail mostly with large, dark spots or bars, sometimes extending almost to ventral midline) (Campbell & Lamar, 2004; Fernandes et al., 2004)]. Lachesis rhombeata is distinguished from L. muta (Fig. 10) by having ventrals with a 95% confidence interval 218–222, ranging from 213–231, postocular stripe thicker, except for specimens from Mato Grosso state (Fernandes et al., 2004); average SVL 1802.64 ± 193.49 mm, TL 160.85 ± 18.76 mm, SVL/TL ratio of 8.9%, HL 64.81 ± 5.54, HW 38.69 ± 7.18 mm, HL/HW ratio of 59.7%(Gananca & Hingst-Zaher,2015)andspermatogenesis between March and August (Souza, 2020; Souza & Almeida-Santos, 2020) [vs. ventrals with a 95% confidence interval of 224–228, ranging from 219–236, postocular stripe thinner, except for specimens from Mato Grosso state (Fernandes et al., 2004), average snout-ventlength (SVL) 1953.31 ± 229.18 mm, tail length (TL) 178 ± 26.56 mm, SVL/TL ratio of 9.1%, head length (HL) 68.53 ± 5.64 mm, head width (HW) 43.20 ± 5.34, HL/HW ratioof63%(Gananc ̧a&Hingst-Zaher,2015)and spermatogenesis between November and April (Souza, 2020; Souza & Almeida-Santos, 2020)]. (from Hamdan et al. 2024)


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CommentVenomous!

Synonymy mainly after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970, and FERNANDES et al. (2004), who reject any subspecies in L. muta. Duméril et al. 1854: 1486 synonymized rhombeata with muta, which was followed by most authors, including McDiarmid et al. 1999: 313, but L. rhombeata was resurrected by Hamdan et al. 2024 for the Atlantic forest population of Brazil.

Distribution: see map in Hamdan et al. 2024: 19 (Fig. 12). 
References
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