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Lampropeltis extenuata (BROWN, 1890)

IUCN Red List - Lampropeltis extenuata - Near Threatened, NT
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Short-tailed Snake
G: Kurzschwanznatter 
SynonymStilosoma extenuatum BROWN 1890: 199
Stilosoma extenuatum — COPE 1900: 924
Stilosoma extenuatum arenicola HIGHTON 1956: 86
Stilosoma extenuatum multistictum HIGHTON 1956: 88
Stilosoma extenuatum arenicolor — CHRISTMAN in GILBERT 1974 (in error)
Stilosoma extenuatum — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 214
Stilosoma extenuatum — CROTHER 2000
Stilosoma extenuatum — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 88
Stilosoma extenuatum — TENNANT 2003: 93
Lampropeltis extenuata — PYRON & BURBRINK 2009
Lampropeltis extenuata — CROTHER et al. 2012
Lampropeltis extenuata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 357 
DistributionUSA (Florida)

multistictum: Florida (Alachua County).

Type locality: Lake Kerr, Florida.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 3351, a 532 mm male (N.P. Fry).
Holotype: Florida State Museum of Natural History [arenicola]
Holotype: Florida State Museum of Natural History [multistictum] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 727 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDowling and Maxson (1990), using immunological distance data, found Stilosoma to fall within Lampropeltis. Keogh (1996), however, did not recover a paraphyletic Lampropeltis with respect to Stilosoma, but found Stilosoma as part of the probable sister group to Lampropeltis (cited after CROTHER 2000: 71).

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin extenuatus, make thin; diminish. [In the chracterization of Stilosoma, “...Body very slender, cylindrical and rigid; tail short; head rounded on frontal outline, not distinct from body...”]. 
References
  • Brown, S. 1911. Scale Variations in Stilosoma extenuatum. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 63: 549-550 - get paper here
  • Brown,A.E. 1890. On a new genus of Colubridae from Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 42: 199-200 - get paper here
  • Carr, A. F., Jr. 1934. Notes on the habits of the short-tailed snake, Stilosoma extenuatum Brown. Copeia 1934 (4): 138–139. - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Douglass, J. F. 1976. Geographic distribution: Stilosoma extenuatum (short-tailed snake). Herpetological Review 7: 123 - get paper here
  • Dowling, H. G.;Maxon, Linda R. 1990. Genetic and taxonomic relations of the short-tailed snakes, genus Stilosoma. Journal of Zoology, London 221: 77-85 - get paper here
  • Dye, D D, II; Dye, M L & Scott, J; 2018. Lampropeltis extenuata (Short-tailed Kingsnake) Diet. Herpetological Review 49 (4): 755-756 - get paper here
  • Enge, Kevin M. 2009. Venomous and non-venomous snakes of Florida. Publication of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. 16 pp.
  • Enge, Kevin M., Garrett Craft, Jordan T. Schmitt and Glenn L. Bartolotti. 2015. Lampropeltis extenuata (short-tailed kingsnake) defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 46 (3): 451 - get paper here
  • Ernst, C.H., & Barbour, R.W. 1989. Snakes of eastern North America. George Mason Univ. Press, Fairfax, VA 282 pp.
  • Gilbert, Carter R. 1974. Catalogue of type specimens in the Department of Natural Sciences, Florida State Museum. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 18 (2): 102-120 - get paper here
  • Highton, Richard 1956. Systematics and variation of the endemic Florida snake genus Stilosoma. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Series 1 (2): 73-96 - get paper here
  • Highton, Richard 1976. Stilosoma, S. extenuatum. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (183): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Keogh, J. Scott 1996. Evolution of the colubrid snake tribe Lampropeltini: a morphological perspective. Herpetologica 52 (3): 406-416 - get paper here
  • Lönnberg, Einar 1894. Notes on reptiles and batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 17 (1003): 317-339 - get paper here
  • Mushinsky, H. R. 1984. Observations on the feeding habits of the short-tailed snake, Stilosoma extenuatum in captivity. Herpetological Review 15: 67–68 - get paper here
  • Pyron, R.Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2009. Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2): 524-529 - get paper here
  • Rossi, J. V., and R. Rossi. 1993. Notes on the captive maintenance and feeding behavior of a juvenile short-tailed snake (Stilosoma extenuatum). Herpetological Review 24:100–101 - get paper here
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp.
  • Trescott, Eugene 1998. The short-tailed snake (Stilosoma extenuatum). Reptiles 6 (3): 32-37
  • Tucker, H. 1911. Scale variations in Stilosoma extenuatum (A. E. Brown). Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia 42:549–550 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Van Duyn, G. 1939. Extension in range of Stilosoma extenuatum. Copeia 1939 (1): 51–52 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Woolfenden, G.E. 1962. A Range Extension and Subspecific Relations of the Short-Tailed Snake, Stilosoma extenuatum. Copeia 1962 (3): 648-649 - get paper here
 
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