Lampropeltis zonata (LOCKINGTON, 1835)
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Higher Taxa | Colubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
Subspecies | |
Common Names | E: California Mountain Kingsnake multicincta: Sierra Mountain Kingsnake multifasciata: Coast Mountain Kingsnake parvirubra: San Bernardino Mountain Kingsnake pulchra: San Diego Mountain Kingsnake zonata: St. Helena Mountain Kingsnake G: Bergkönigsnatter, Korallen-Königsnatter |
Synonym | Coluber (Zacholus) zonatus LOCKINGTON in BLAINVILLE 1835: 293 Bellophis zonata — LOCKINGTON 1876: 53 Ophibolus getulus multicinctus YARROW 1882 Ophibolus triangulus var. zonatus — GARMAN 1884: 66 Coronella multifasciata BOCOURT 1886: 616 Lampropeltis agalma VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923: 2 Lampropeltis herrerae VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1923: 2 Lampropeltis zonata — FITCH 1936 Lampropeltis multicincta — LEWIS 1942 Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra ZWEIFEL 1952 Lampropeltis zonata pulchra ZWEIFEL 1952 Lampropeltis zonata — STEBBINS 1985: 192 Lampropeltis zonata pulchra — MEHRTENS 1987: 131 Lampropeltis zonata — LINER 1994 Lampropeltis zonata multicincta — CROTHER 2000: 64 Lampropeltis zonata multifasciata — CROTHER 2000: 64 Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra — CROTHER 2000: 64 Lampropeltis zonata zonata — CROTHER 2000: 64 Lampropeltis zonata pulchra — CROTHER 2000: 64 Lampropeltis herrerae — GRISMER 2001 Lampropeltis zonata — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Lampropeltis zonata — MYERS et al. 2013 Lampropeltis multifasciata — MYERS et al. 2013 Lampropeltis zonata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 360 Lampropeltis herrerae — JOHNSON et al. 2017 Lampropeltis multifasciata — CROTHER et al. 2017 |
Distribution | USA (Oregon, Washington, California), Mexico (Baja California Norte) multicincta: Washington zonata: S Oregon, N California; Type locality: Northern California. multifasciata: USA (S California), Mexico (N Baja California); Type locality: San Luis-Obispo, California. |
Reproduction | oviparous. KREUTZ (2005) reports hybrids between Elaphe (= Pantherophis) guttata and Lampropeltis getulus californiae, between E. (P.) guttata and L. pyromelana, between E. (P.) guttata and L. triangulum sinaloae/nelsoni, and between E. (P.) guttata and L. zonata! |
Types | Holotype: lost, was CAS (lost fide MYERS et al. 2013). Holotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 38667 [pulchra] Holotype: CAS 56755 [herrerae] Holotype: CAS 56865, “7000 ft altitude near Alcatraz, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico” [agalma] Holotype: MNHN 1884.326 [multifasciata] Holotype: MVZ 42407 (adult male) [parvirubra] Holotype: USNM 11753 [Ophibolus getulus multicinctus] |
Diagnosis | |
Comment | Authorship: the original description in Blainville does not mention Lockington on the page of the actual description. Keogh (1996) could not distinguish among L. pyromelana, L. triangulum, and L. zonata. CROTHER (2000) gives “1876” as the year of description. Subspecies: COLLINS (1991) elevates some of the subspecies to full species status. RODRÍGUEZ-ROBLES et al. (1999) states that “the two main colour pattern characters used to define the subspecies of L. zonata are so variable that they cannot be reliably used to differentiate taxonomic units within this complex, which calls into question the recognition of seven geographical races of this snake.” Collins & Taggart (2009) do not recognize subspecies either. MYERS et al. (2013) split L. zonata into L. zonata and L. multifasciata based on molecular data. The two “species” are not distinguishable morphologically but they “inhabit distinct climatic environments”. The authors provide a distribution map of the two species. See MYERS et al. 2013 for a synonymy of the two forms. |
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