Leiocephalus carinatus GRAY, 1827
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Higher Taxa | Leiocephalidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
Subspecies | Leiocephalus carinatus carinatus GRAY 1827 Leiocephalus carinatus aquarius SCHWARTZ & OGREN 1956 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri BARBOUR & SHREVE 1935 Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus coryi SCHMIDT 1936 Leiocephalus carinatus granti RABB 1957 Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni SCHMIDT 1936 Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens STEJNEGER 1901 Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi SCHWARTZ 1959 |
Common Names | E: Saw-scaled Curlytail, Northern Curly-tailed Lizard G: Rollschwanzleguan armouri: Little Bahama Curly-tailed Lizard |
Synonym | Leiocephalus carinatus GRAY 1827: 208 Holotropis microlophus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 264 (part) Leiocephalus macleayii GRAY 1845: 218 Liocephalus carinatus — BOULENGER 1885: 165 Liocephalus carinatus — COPE 1895: 433 Leiocephalus carinatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 423 Leiocephalus carinatus — RODRÍGUEZ SCHETTINO 1999: 115 Leiocephalus carinatus carinatus GRAY 1827 Leiocephalus carinatus GRAY 1827: 208 Leiocephalus carinatus carinatus — BARBOUR & SHREVE 1935: 360 Leiocephalus carinatus carinatus — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus aquarius SCHWARTZ & OGREN 1956 Leiocephalus carinatus aquarius — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri BARBOUR & SHREVE 1935 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri BARBOUR & SHREVE 1935: 360 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri — DENZER 1985 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 115 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus armouri — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus coryi SCHMIDT 1936 Leiocephalus carinatus coryi SCHMIDT 1936: 129 Leiocephalus carinatus coryi — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus coryi — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus coryi — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus granti RABB 1957 Leiocephalus carinatus granti — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus granti — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus granti — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni SCHMIDT 1936 Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni SCHMIDT 1936: 130 Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus hodsoni — PREGILL 1992: 40 (in error) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsoni — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens STEJNEGER 1901 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens — SMITH 1946 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi SCHWARTZ 1959 Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi — PREGILL 1992: 40 Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi — HEDGES et al. 2019 |
Distribution | USA (introduced to SE Florida), Bahamas, Cuba (+ Pinos), Cat Island I, Little San Salvador I, Isla de la Juventud, Honduras (WILSON & MCCRANIE 2002). Cayman I, Swan I, Turks and Caicos Islands carinatus: Cuba, northwest coast in Pinar del Rio, La Habana, and Matanzas provinces. Type locality: Cuba; restricted by Schwartz and Ogren, 1956, to La Habana, La Habana Province, Cuba. aquarius: Cuba, southeast coast in Granma, Santiago de Cuba, and Guantânamo provinces. armouri: Little Bahama Bank; Grand Bahama Island, Abacos. USA (introduced to SE Florida). cayensis: Cuba, Jardines de la Reina. coryi: Great Bahama Bank, western islands and cays. granti: Cayman Is., Little Cayman I., Cayman Brac; Type locality: Cayman Brac hodsdoni: Bahama Is.: eastem and southern Great Bahama Bank; Cat I., Little San Salvador I. labrossytus: Cuba, south-central coast in Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus provinces; Bahia de Cochinos; Playa Larga. Altitudinal distribution sea level to about 1200 ft. microcyon: Isla de la Juventud. mogotensis: Cuba, central Pinar del Rio Province. jus: Cayman Is., Grand Cayman I.; Swan Is. virdscens: Great Bahama Bank: northern and eastern islands and cays. zayasi: Cuba, Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. INCERTAE SEDIS: Specimens from Villa Clara, Camagüey, and Holguin provinces are unassigned subspecifically; all specimens included in L. c. hodsdoni are not identical. |
Reproduction | oviparous |
Types | Holotype: MCZ R-38120, R-38110 Holotype: UMMZ [granti] Holotype: NCSM 83084 (was: ChM 55.1.62) [aquarius] Holotype: MCZ 38090 [armouri] Holotype: AMNH 77758 [cayensis] Holotype: FMNH 260 [coryi] Holotype: UMMZ 114494 [granti] Holotype: FMNH 22752 [hodsoni] Holotype: AMNH 77757 [labrossytus] Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.10.58, 1946.8.11.82 [macleayii] Holotype: AMNH 81271 [microcyon] Holotype: AMNH 77755 [mogotensis] SYNTYPES MCZ 6023, USNM 52405 [jus] Holotype: USNM 26758 [virescens] Holotype: AMNH 77756 [zayasi] |
Diagnosis | Diagnosis (genus): Terrestrial iguanian squamates of small (53 mm SVL) to large (to 200 mm SVL) size; nasal bones large; septomaxilla reduced and free posteriorly; parietal roof constricted posteriorly in adults; nasal process of premaxilla overlapped dorsally and ventrally by nasal bones; Meckel's groove usually closed and fused; tooth crowns variable, but always tricuspid posteriorly; anterior process present on interclavicle; posterior process of interclavicle broadly flared; sternum reduced (except L. herminieri): xiphisternal rods curve anteriorly crossing over postxiphisternal ribs; ribs on cervical vertebrae expanded as scoops; caudal neural spine sail-shaped; autonomic fracture planes beginning on fifth or sixth caudal vertebra; cephalic scales large, platelike; enlarged subocular scale present; body scales keeled; ventral scales smooth (except L. herminieri); antebrachial folds simple to complex; tail-curling behavior common [PREGILL 1992]. Additional details (90 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. |
Comment | Illustrations: Stejneger, 1917; Barbour and Ramsden, 1919; Rabb, 1957; Schwartz, 1959; Vogel, 1965; Vogel, 1966; Petzold, Pederzani, and Szidat, 1970; Schoener, Slade, and Stinson, 1982; Schwartz and Henderson, 1985. Subspecies: Leiocephalus carinatus varius GARMAN 1887 has been considered as a valid species by recent authors. Type species: Leiocephalus carinatus GRAY 1827 is the type species of the genus Leiocephalus GRAY 1827. Extinct Leiocephalus species: ------------------------------------------ Leiocephalus apertosulcus ETHERIDGE 1965; PREGILL 1992: 37 Distribution: Dominican Republic (as fossils); Type locality: Stratum 2, cave in Cerro de San Francisco, Municipio Pedro Santana, San Rafael (= La Estrelleta) Province, Republica Dominicana. Holotype: MCZ(VP) 3404. Right dentary. Note: May have been persisted into pre-Colombian times since Etheridge found skeletal elements which have been assigned to this species. Leiocephalus anonymous PREGILL 1984; PREGILL 1992 Distribution: Haiti. Type localiy: unspecified cave(s) near St. Michael de l’Atalye, Dept. L'Artibonite, Haiti. Holotype: USNM (VP) 340182 (right dentary). Note: only known from fossils. May have been persisted into historical times since Pregill found skeletal elements which have been assigned to this species. Leiocephalus roquetus BOCHATON et al. 2021; Guadeloupe, La Désirade Island |
Etymology | Named after Latin “carinatus” = keeled (like a ship). The genus was named after Greek leios (λείος), smooth, plain, not embroidered + Greek kéfali (κεφάλη), head. [In the diagnosis of the type species, "…capite glabro…"]. |
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