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Leptophis mystacinus ALBUQUERQUE, MARTINS, CARVALHO, SHEPARD & SANTANA, 2025

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymLeptophis mystacinus ALBUQUERQUE, MARTINS, CARVALHO, SHEPARD & SANTANA 2025

Leptophis ahaetulla—Albuquerque, Passos & Gotte, 2012: 249 (in part); Murphy et al., 2013: 563 (in part); Torres-Carvajal & Terán, 2021: 3 (in part); Albuquerque & Fernandes, 2022: 11 (in part).
Leptophis liocercus—Albuquerque, Passos & Gotte, 2012: 248 (in part); Albuquerque & Fernandes, 2022: 28 (in part). 
DistributionBrazil (Tocantins, Minas Gerais)

Type locality: municipality of Pium, Instituto Araguaia (1026′34′′S, 4910′55′′W; datum = WGS 84), state of Tocantins, Brazil  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. ZUFMS-REP004702, a female collected 29 November 2017 by L.A. Silva, R.M. Fadel and H. Folly.
Paratypes (n = 13). Minas Gerais, Várzea da Palma, Fazenda Corrente: MNRJ 56672, female, collected 16–18 November 1987 by G. Kiteumacher & M. Porto. Tocantins, Araguaína, Parque Urbano Ecológico Cimba, ZUFMS-REP 4700, male, collected 30 March 2017 by S.P. Dantas; Arraias, UHC Pau D’arco, ZUFG 885, female, collected October 2008 by R.M. Oliveira; Palmas: CHUNB 23620, female, date of collection and collector unknown; Peixe: CHUNB 52568, female, collected 20 April 2006 by G.R. Colli, CHUNB 52569, female, collected 20 April 2006 by G.R. Colli, CHUNB 52570, male, collected 20 April 2006 by G.R. Colli, CHUNB 52571, male, collected 20 April 2006 by G.R. Colli, CHUNB 52572, male, collected 20 April 2006 by G.R. Colli, CHUNB 52573, female, collected 20 April 2006 by G.R. Colli, CHUNB 52598, female, collected 20 April 2006 by G. R. Colli; Pium: CHUNB 24750, male, collected 11 September 2001 by F.G.R. Franca and G. H.C. Vieira; ZUFMS-REP 4703 (Instituto Araguaia), male, collected 28 January 2018 by L. A. Silva, R.M. Fadel and H. Folly.
Referred specimens. IBSP 64270 (Palmas, U. H. Luís Eduardo Magalhães), 64396, 64514, and 65907 (Lajeado, U. H. Luís Eduardo Magalhães). All of these specimens were deposited in the Herpetological Collection Alphonse Richard Hoge of Instituto Butantan (IBSP), São Paulo, Brazil (partially and tragically destroyed by fire on 15 May 2010). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Leptophis mystacinus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all currently recognized congeners by a unique combination of the following characters: two Spectrum Green (129) to Light Parrot Green (133) (Sky Blue (167) in preservative) dorsolateral stripes (2–4 scales wide, at least anteriorly) separated by a Buff (5) (Light Sky Blue (191) in preservative) vertebral stripe (1–1.5 scales wide), usually continuous onto the tail (occasionally indistinct on posterior third of tail); dorsal scale rows below the lateral stripes usually Dark Spectrum Yellow (78) (Sky Blue (167) in preservative); loreal scale absent; postocular stripe Jet Black (300), wide (extending to lower postocular, lower half to two-thirds of anterior temporal, one-third to lower half of lower posterior temporal, upper edges of last three supralabials) and long (up 11 scales long onto nuchal region); anterior to orbit, stripe reduced to black margin of supralabials 1–3 or 1–4, posterior lower edge and anterior upper edge of nasal and upper edge of rostral scale. Ventral surfaces of head, trunk, and tail white to Smoky White (261). Maxillary teeth 21–25; ventrals 158–166 in males, 158–173 in females; subcaudals 153–164 in males, 141–158 in females.


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CommentDistribution: see map in Albuquerque et al. 2025: 17 (Fig. 11) 
EtymologyNamed after the Greek mystax (transliteration of mύστaξ), meaning ‘upper lip’ or ‘mustache’, and the Latin suffix -inus, denoting ‘likeness’ or ‘belonging to’. The black pigmentation covering the rostral scale of Leptophis mystacinus is distinct in most individuals, giving the appearance of a mustache. 
References
  • Albuquerque, N. R., Martins, R. H., Carvalho, P. S., Shepard, D. B., & Santana, D. J. 2025. A new species of parrot snake, Leptophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. PeerJ, 13, e18528 - get paper here
 
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