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Letheobia graueri (STERNFELD, 1912)

IUCN Red List - Letheobia graueri - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaTyphlopidae (Afrotyphlopinae), Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sternfeld's Beaked Snake 
SynonymTyphlops graueri STERNFELD 1912: 264
Typhlops leptosoma – (not WITTE, 1933) WITTE 1953: 148 (part.).
Typhlops kibarae – (part) WITTE 1953: 150
Typhlops leptosoma polli LAURENT 1956: 18
Typhlops leptosoma polli LAURENT 1956: 79
Typhlops gracilis polli — LAURENT 1960
Tphlops graveri ROBB 1966: 677 (error typographicus)
Rhinotyphlops graueri — ROUX-ESTÉVE 1974: 227
Rhinotyphlops graueri — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 80
Rhinotyphlops graueri — SPAWLS et al. 2001
Letheobia graueri — BROADLEY & WALLACH 2007: 52
Letheobia graueri — HEDGES et al. 2014
Letheobia graueri — WALLACH et al. 2014: 379
Letheobia graueri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 356
Letheobia graueri — TRAPE 2023: 772 
DistributionE Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Rwanda, Burundi, W Tanzania, W Uganda.

Type locality: “Urwald hinter den Randbergen am Nordwestufer des [Lake] Tanganyika [= Democratic Republic of the Congo]”; Virgin forest behind boundary mountains on northwest of Lake Tanganyika, Zaire.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 27161; collected by R. Grauer, 1907–1908 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 526 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHabitat: Forest and savanna (miombo woodland).

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Rudolf Grauer (1870-1927), an Austrian explorer and zoologist who collected in the then Belgian Congo (1909 and 1910-1927). See http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Grauer for more details. 
References
  • Broadley, Donald G. & Wallach, V. 2007. A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Zootaxa 1515: 31–68 - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • DEHLING, J. MAXIMILIAN; HARALD H. HINKEL, HANS-JÜRGEN ENSIKAT, KENNY BABILON, EBERHARD FISCHER 2018. A new blind snake of the genus Letheobia (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) from Rwanda with redescriptions of L. gracilis (Sternfeld, 1910) and L. graueri (Sternfeld, 1912) and the introduction of a non-invasive preparation procedure for scanning electron microscopy in zoology. Zootaxa 4378 (4): 480-490 - get paper here
  • Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1–61 - get paper here
  • Laurent, R.F. 1956. Contribution à l'herpetologie de la région des Grandes Lacs de l'Afrique centrale. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge (Sci. Zool.), 48: 1-390
  • Laurent, R.F. 1960. Notes complémentaires sur les Chéloniens et les Ophidiens du congo oriental. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge (Sci. Zool.), 84: 1-86
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Robb,J. 1966. The generic status of Australasian typhlopids (Reptilia: Squamata). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 9: 675-679 - get paper here
  • Roux-Estève, R. 1974. Révision systématique des Typhlopidae d'Afrique. Reptilia. Serpentes. Mém. nation. Hist. nat., Paris, (sér.A.) 87: 1-313
  • SLETAPA, J.R., P. Nečas & D. Modry 2000. New record of Grauer’s Blind Snake Rhinotyphlops graueri (Sternfeld 1912) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in western Uganda. Bonner zool. Monogr. 46: 105-108. - get paper here
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1912. IV. Zoologie II. Lfg. Reptilia. In: Schubotz., R. (ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1907- 1908, unter Führung A. Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg. Klinkhard und Biermann, Leipzig: 197-279 [published 1912, not 1913, as often cited, see Männel & Kucharzewski 2017] - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Wallach, V. & Gemel, R. 2018. Typhlops weidholzi n. inedit., a new species of Letheobia from the republic of Cameroon, and a synopsis of the genus (Squamata: Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae). Herpetozoa 31 (1/2): 27 - 46 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Witte, G. F. de 1953. Reptiles. Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Mission G. F. de Witte en collaboration avec W. Adam, A. Janssens, L. Van Meel et R. Verheyen (1946–1949). Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge. Brussels, vol. 6, 322 pp. - get paper here
 
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