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Limaformosa chanleri (STEJNEGER, 1893)

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Higher TaxaLamprophiidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Unicolor File Snake
G: Einfarbige Feilennatter 
SynonymSimocephalus chanleri STEJNEGER 1893: 726
Simocephalus unicolor BOULENGER 1910: 512
Mehelya chanleri — LÖNNBERG 1910: 4
Simocephalus poensis LEPRI 1911: 323 (not A. SMITH)
Mehelya somaliensis LÖNNBERG & ANDERSSON 1913
Mehelia (Simocephalus) fiechteri SCORTECCI 1929: 269
Mehelia [sic] poensis — TESTI 1935: 507
Mehelya chanleri chanleri — LOVERIDGE 1936
Mehelya capensis fiechteri — LOVERIDGE 1939: 141
Mehelya capensis unicolor — LAURENT 1956: 104
Mehelya capensis unicolor — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 26
Mehelya capensis unicolor — SPAWLS et al. 2002
Mehelya unicolor — LARGEN & SPAWLS 2010: 486
Gonionotophis unicolor — KELLY et al. 2011
Mehelya chanleri — WALLACH et al. 2014: 424
Gonionotophis chanleri — LANZA & BROADLEY 2014
Gonionotophis chanleri — MALONZA et al. 2017
Gonionotophis chanleri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 408
Limaformosa chanleri — BROADLEY et al. 2018
Gonionotophis unicolor — ZAHER et al. 2019
Limaformosa chanleri — TRAPE 2023: 502 
DistributionEastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu Province), Rwanda, Burundi, northern and western Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Eritrea

Type locality: Wange [NOT Manda Island], Kenya

unicolor: E Zaire (Kivu), Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya Highlands, NW Tanzania (Kibondo, Arusha); Type locality: Fort Hall, Kenya.  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: USNM 20126
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.13.91 (fide Lanza & Broadley 2014), also given as South African Museum [unicolor]
Holotype: NRM 2419 [somaliensis]
Holotype: MSNM (Milano) [fiechteri] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1164 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: mostly after LANZA & BROADLEY 2014; Gonionotophis unicolor is recognized by a few authors though.

Description (unicolor): “Agreeing very closely with S. capensis, Smith, but differing in the following points: Two superposed loreals ; two praeoculars, lower very small ; three postoculars. Uniform dark brown above and beneath.” [from BOULENGER 1910]. 
EtymologyNamed after Mr. William Astor Chanler, one of the collectors of the expedition during which this species was found. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1910. Descriptions of four new African snakes in the British Museum. [Helicops gendri]. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 512- 513 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Broadley, Donald G.; Krystal A. Tolley, Werner Conradie, Sarah Wishart, Jean-François Trape, Marius Burger, Chifundera Kusamba, Ange-Ghislain Zassi-Boulou & Eli Greenbaum 2018. A phylogeny and genus-level revision of the African file snakes Gonionotophis Boulenger (Squamata: Lamprophiidae). African Journal of Herpetology, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2018.1423578 - get paper here
  • Kelly, Christopher M.R.; William R. Branch, Donald G. Broadley, Nigel P. Barker, Martin H. Villet 2011. Molecular systematics of the African snake family Lamprophiidae Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Elapoidea), with particular focus on the genera Lamprophis Fitzinger 1843 and Mehelya Csiki 1903. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 58(3): 415-426 - get paper here
  • Lanza, Benedetto; Donald G. Broadley 2014. A review of the genus Gonionotophis in north-eastern Africa (Squamata: Lamprophiidae). . Acta Herpetologica 9 (1): 89-97 - get paper here
  • Laurent, R.F. 1956. Contribution à l'herpetologie de la région des Grandes Lacs de l'Afrique centrale. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge (Sci. Zool.), 48: 1-390
  • Lepri, G. 1911. Ofidii del Benadir. Bollettino della Società Zoologica Italiana (Camerino), (1910) (2) 11, 317–217
  • Lönnberg, E. 1910. Two new snakes from Lower Congo. Arkiv för Zoologi 7 (8): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Lönnberg, E. and Andersson, L.G. 1913. On a collection of reptiles from Kismayu. Arkiv för Zoologi 8: 1-6 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1939. Revision of the african snakes of the genera Mehelya and Gonionotophis. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 86: 131-162 - get paper here
  • Malonza, Patrick K.; David M. Mulwa, Joash O. Nyamache, Georgina Jones 2017. Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya. Zoological Research 38(5): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Scortecci, G. 1929. Primo contributo alla conoscenza dei Rettili e degli Anfibi della Somalia italiana. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 68: 245-279
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1893. On some collections of reptiles and batrachians from East Africa and the adjacent islands, recently received from Dr. W. L. Abbott and Mr. William Astor Chanler, with descriptions of new species. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 16: 711-741 - get paper here
  • Testi,F. 1935. Sulla presenza di Mehelia poensis in Eritrea. Archivio Italiano di Scienze Mediche e Coloniali, Modena 16 (7): 507-509
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher H, Murphy RW, Arredondo JC, Graboski R, Machado-Filho PR, Mahlow K, et al. 2019. Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216148 - get paper here
 
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