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Liolaemus antumalguen AVILA, MORANDO, PEREZ & SITES, 2010

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Higher TaxaLiolaemidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymLiolaemus antumalguen AVILA, MORANDO, PEREZ & SITES 2010
Liolaemus antumalguen — MEDINA et al. 2017 
DistributionArgentina (Neuquén)

Type locality: rocky boulders from the eastern piedmont of Domuyo volcano, around Chadileu Creek (36° 39’ S, 70° 20’’ W), Chos Malal Department, Neuquén Province, Argentina  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MACN 38985, an adult male; collected by D. R. Perez; 23 Enero 2005. Paratypes. MACN 38987, MLP.S 2592–3, (males); BYU 12592, MACN 38986, MLP.S 2594–5, LJAMM 6172–3 (females); same data as holotype. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Liolaemus antumalguen is a member of the elongatus clade that currently includes L. elongatus, L. thermarum (Morando et al., 2003; Morando, 2004), L. chillanensis (Torrez-Perez et al. 2009), and many “candidate species” represented by well-supported mtDNA haploclades (Morando et al. unpublished). Differs from all other members of the clade due to a unique and very variable dorsal coloration pattern, ranging from large irregular black dots distributed along the dorsolateral areas on ochre background coloration, to an almost plain pattern without any dorsal mark. Liolaemus antumalguen has a complete ventral melanism in adult specimens, characteristic not observed in any other species within the L. elongatus clade, with the exception of populations of L. elongatus from western Rio Negro province, Argentina (Morando et al. 2003, Avila et al. unpublished data). It is the largest species in the clade (maximum SVL 107.8 mm vs 94 mm in L. elongatus, vs 70.3 mm in L. chillanensis, and 85.0 mm in L. thermarum), and at difference of all other species has a robust body vs a more slender shape, with well developed and evident neck folds. Liolaemus elongatus is characterized by a pattern of longitudinal bands, a vertebral band defined by irregular transversal black lines, frequently fused, with a da life a conspicuous lateral and posterior body cyan coloration never found in L. antumalguen. From L. buergeri, L. ceii, and L. kriegi, L. antumalguen can be distinguished because this species have smaller dorsal scales, and a higher number of scales around midbody (94–98, 96–110, 98–115 vs 72–82), lack of ventral melanic coloration (usually is white or gray, with small grey dots or uniformily slight grey), and have darker body coloration. Liolaemus curis is a smaller species (maximum SVL 102.6 vs 107.8 mm), have completely black body coloration or with a dorsal pattern of longitudinal bars not observed in L. antumalguen. Liolaemus flavipiceus have smaller size (SVL 90.3 vs 107.8 mm) and a very particular dorsal coloration with widely distributed yellow and/or orange scales never found in L. altumalguen. Liolaemus leopardinus, L. ramonensis and L. valdesianus are smaller species (87.5, 86.6, 90.4 mm vs 107.8 mm), with different dorsal coloration patterns, and higher number of midbody scales in L. ramonensis (87–96 vs 72–82). Liolaemus antumalguen can be easily distinguished from L. punmahuida by the lack of the conspicuous black line between orbit and nasal scales, white cream head coloration, and absence of any extendend brightly red or yellow ventral coloration. Liolaemus tregenzai, L. coeruleus, and L. neuquensis are smaller species (80.2, 60. 2 and 61.1 mm vs 102.7 mm), have a conspicuous cyan ventral coloration and lack of precloacal pores. Liolaemus cristiani have a very conspicuous cyan coloration, with a dorsal pattern very different from L. antumalguen, and lack of extended ventral melanism and precloacal pores.rk background, two more clearly-defined dorsal longitudinal bands, and dorsolateral bands with black, gray, and a few white scales, usually the tail is ringed; all of these characteristics are absent in L. antumalguen. Liolaemus antumalguen differs from L. thermarum in that males of this species lack precloacal pores (according to original description) or have less (2–3 vs 4, according to our data), and have a dorsal coloration characterized by two wide and dark lateral bands; a pattern never present in L. antumalguen. Liolaemus chillanensis have slender and smaller body, with higher midbody scale count (81–95 vs 72–82), lack of conspicuous neck pouches, have a white or gray venter, and in life a conspicuous lateral and posterior body cyan coloration never found in L. antumalguen. From L. buergeri, L. ceii, and L. kriegi, L. antumalguen can be distinguished because this species have smaller dorsal scales, and a higher number of scales around midbody (94–98, 96–110, 98–115 vs 72–82), lack of ventral melanic coloration (usually is white or gray, with small grey dots or uniformily slight grey), and have darker body coloration. Liolaemus curis is a smaller species (maximum SVL 102.6 vs 107.8 mm), have completely black body coloration or with a dorsal pattern of longitudinal bars not observed in L. antumalguen. Liolaemus flavipiceus have smaller size (SVL 90.3 vs 107.8 mm) and a very particular dorsal coloration with widely distributed yellow and/or orange scales never found in L. altumalguen. Liolaemus leopardinus, L. ramonensis and L. valdesianus are smaller species (87.5, 86.6, 90.4 mm vs 107.8 mm), with different dorsal coloration patterns, and higher number of midbody scales in L. ramonensis (87–96 vs 72–82). Liolaemus antumalguen can be easily distinguished from L. punmahuida by the lack of the conspicuous black line between orbit and nasal scales, white cream head coloration, and absence of any extendend brightly red or yellow ventral coloration. Liolaemus tregenzai, L. coeruleus, and L. neuquensis are smaller species (80.2, 60. 2 and 61.1 mm vs 102.7 mm), have a conspicuous cyan ventral coloration and lack of precloacal pores. Liolaemus cristiani have a very conspicuous cyan coloration, with a dorsal pattern very different from L. antumalguen, and lack of extended ventral melanism and precloacal pores. 
CommentAbundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017). 
EtymologyThe species name is in reference to a mithological fairy, Antú Malguén, wife of the sun, which according to a legend of the Mapuche people, inhabits the summit of the Domuyo Volcano. 
References
  • Avila, L.J.; Morando, M.; Perez, D.R. & Sites Jr., J.W. 2010. A new species of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemini) from Cordillera del Viento, northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina. Zootaxa 2667: 28–42 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; CINTIA DEBORA MEDINA, CRISTIAN HERNAN FULVIO PEREZ, JACK W. SITES, JR. & MARIANA MORANDO 2015. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the lizard clade Liolaemus elongatus (Iguania: Liolaemini) with the description of a new species from an isolated volcanic peak in northern Patagonia. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 067–084 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; CRISTIAN HERNAN FULVIO PEREZ, CINTIA DEBORA MEDINA, JACK WALTER SITES, JR & MARIANA MORANDO 2012. A new species of lizard of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemini) from Curi Leuvu River Valley, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina. Zootaxa 3325: 37–52 - get paper here
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Medina, C. D., Avila, L. J., Sites, J. W. and Morando, M. 2017. Phylogeographic history of Patagonian lizards of the Liolaemus elongatus complex (Iguania: Liolaemini) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 55: 238; doi:10.1111/jzs.12163 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Troncoso-Palacios J, Díaz HA, Esquerré D, Urra FA 2015. Two new species of the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemidae) from Andean highlands of southern Chile. ZooKeys 500: 83-109. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.500.8725 - get paper here
  • Troncoso-Palacios J, Diaz HA, Puas GI, Riveros-Riffo E, Elorza AA 2016. Two new Liolaemus lizards from the Andean highlands of Southern Chile (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemidae). ZooKeys 632: 121-146 - get paper here
  • Troncoso-Palacios J, Esquerré D, Urra FA, Díaz HA, Castro-Pastene C, Ruiz MS. 2018. The true identity of the new world iguanid lizard Liolaemus chillanensis Müller and Hellmich 1932 (Iguania: Liolaemidae) and description of a new species in the Liolaemus elongatus group. Zoological Studies 57:22; doi:10.6620/ZS.2018.57-22 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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