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Liolaemus pachacutec AGUILAR, WOOD, CUSI, GUZMÁN, HUARI, LUNDBERG, MORTENSEN, RAMÍREZ, ROBLES, SUÁREZ, TICONA, VARGAS, VENEGAS & SITES, 2013

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Higher TaxaLiolaemidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymLiolaemus pachacutec AGUILAR, WOOD, CUSI, GUZMÁN, HUARI, LUNDBERG, MORTENSEN, RAMÍREZ, ROBLES, SUÁREZ, TICONA, VARGAS, VENEGAS & SITES 2013 
DistributionPeru (Cusco, Apurímac), elevation 4023–4972 m

Type locality: Challabamba, Paucartambo Province, Cusco Department, Peru, -13.254S, -71.838W, elevation 4364 m  
Reproductionprobably ovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MUSM 29683, adult male collected on 1 April 2009 by César Ramírez. Paratypes: MUSM, BYU 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Small (1.9 mm maximum SVL) Liolaemus closely related to L. chavin sp. n., L. tacnae, L. walkeri, and L. wari sp. n. (described below) (Fig. 1). It differs from L. chavin sp. n. and L. tacnae in having precloacal pores (males). Liolaemus pachacutec differs from L. wari sp. n. in having a partial or complete melanistic belly in adult males and in lacking a ringed pattern in ventral tail. Liolaemus pachacutec differs from most individuals (90%) of L. walkeri in lacking spots in the lateral field. In comparison with other species assigned to the L. alticolor group, L. pachacutec differs from L. chaltin in having precloacal pores in males. It differs from L. paulinae in the presence of a vertebral line and smooth neck scales. It differs from L. puna, L. alticolor and L. incaicus in having a partial or complete melanistic belly in adult males. It differs from L. aparicioi in lacking keeled temporal scales. It differs from L. bitaeniatus and L. pagaburoi in having a smooth dorsal surface of the head. It differs from L. pyriphlogos in the absence of red marks in lateral fields. It differs from L. variegatus in lacking keeled temporal scales, rugose dorsal head scales, and precloacal pores in females.
 
CommentSexual dimorphism: Males have a complete or partial melanistic belly and throat, while females have a white or yellow belly and black spots on throat. Some males have orange and yellow dots on lateral belly and yellow dots on chin scales, and ventral field with orange and black dots.

Size: SVL max. 2 mm 
EtymologyThe specific epithet pachacutec refers to one of most important Inca rulers, Pachacutec, who built the best known Inca ruins, including Machu Picchu and Pisac, this last site at a higher elevation just above the type locality. The species name is in the nominative singular. 
References
  • Aguilar, Cesar; Perry Wood, Juan Carlos Cusi, Alfredo Guzman, Frank Huari, Mikael Lundberg, Emma Mortensen, César Ramirez, Daniel Robles, Juana Suarez, Andres Ticona, Victor Vargas, Pablo J. Venegas, Jack Sites 2013. Integrative taxonomy and preliminary assessment of species limits in the Liolaemus walkeri complex (Squamata, Liolaemidae) with descriptions of three new species from Peru. ZooKeys 364 (2013): 47-91; doi: 10.3897/zookeys.364.6109 - get paper here
 
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