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Liotyphlops ternetzii (BOULENGER, 1896)

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Higher TaxaAnomalepididae, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ternetz's Blind Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-Cega
Portuguese: Cobra-Cabelo, Cobra-Cega, Cobra-Cega-Preta, Cobra-de-Chumbinho, Fura-Terra [beui] 
SynonymHelminthophis ternetzii BOULENGER 1896: 584
Helminthophis incertus AMARAL 1924: 29
Helminthophis beui AMARAL 1924: 29
Helminthophis ternetzii — AMARAL 1924: 27
Helminthophis collenettei PARKER 1928: 97
Liotyphlops incertus — VANZOLINI 1948: 380
Liotyphlops ternetzi — SMITH & GRANT 1958: 207
Liotyphlops ternetzii – PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 183
Liotyphlops ternetzii — DIXON & KOFRON 1984: 255
Liotyphlops beui — DIXON & KOFRON 1984: 258
Liotyphlops ternetzii — STARACE 1998: 70
Liotyphlops ternetzii — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 51
Liotyphlops beui — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 51
Liotyphlops beui — FREIRE et al. 2007
Liotyphlops ternetzii — FREIRE et al. 2007
Liotyphlops cf. ternetzii — LOEBMANN 2009
Liotyphlops beui — ARAUJO et al. 2011
Liotyphlops ternetzii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 397
Liotyphlops beui — WALLACH et al. 2014: 397
Liotyphlops sousai MARRA-SANTOS & REIS 2018
Liotyphlops beui — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Liotyphlops sousai — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Liotyphlops ternetzii — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Liotyphlops beui — ENTIAUSPE-NETO et al. 2023
Liotyphlops ternetzii — MARRA-SANTOS 2023
Liotyphlops beui — COUTO et al. 2024 
DistributionBrazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul), N Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta), Paraguay (Amambay, Caazapá, Canendiyu, Itapúa, Presidente Hayes), Uruguay, Suriname

Type locality: Paraguay

beui: Brazil (Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito-Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná), Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014). Type locality: Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.

incertus: Type locality: Surinam [Suriname], but questioned by Dixon & Kofron 1984.

collenettei: Type locality: Burity, 2250 ft., 30 miles northeast of Coyaba [Cuiabá], Mato Grosso [Brazil].

sousai: Brazil (Santa Catarina): Type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Municipality of Passos Maia, Passos Maia small hydroeletric power plant, 26°42’14’’S, 51°55’05’’W.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.11.77
Holotype: IBSP (= IB) 1806; paratypes: IB, MCZ, BMNH [beui]
Holotype: MCZ 17846 [incertus]
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.10.73 (formerly BMNH 1928.1.12.1) [collenettei]
Holotype: UFRGS 6274, 191.4 mm, Simone Leonardi, January 2012 [sousai] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4490 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNocturnal.

Distribution: for a discussion of type localities and distribution see Dixon & Kofron 1984.

Synonymy: Helminthophis incertus was synonymized with Liotyphlops ternetzii by Dixon & Kofron 1984. Marra Santos 2023 synonymized Helminthophis beui with L. ternetzii, following Peters and Orejas-Miranda 1970: 183. Amaral 1954: 192 synonymized Helminthophis collenettei with ternetzii. Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2023 synonymized Liotyphlops sousai with Liotyphlops beui. Marra-Santos 2023 synonymized Liotyphlops beui with L. ternetzii.

NCBI taxon ID: 1680135 [beui] 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Carl Ternetz (b. 1870), an ichthyologist and naturalist who collected all over South America over a period of more than 30 years.

Named after T. Beu, the collector of the holotype. Has been removed from the synonym of L. ternetzii by DIXON & KOFRON 1984.

L. sousai is an epithet in honor of the Brazilian Army Colonel Fernando Machado de Sousa (January 11, 1822–December 6, 1868), recognized as the greatest military hero of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. 
References
  • Amaral, A. D. 1954. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios do Brasil 12. Notas a respeito de Helminthophis ternetzii Boulenger, 1896. Mem. Inst. Butantan 26: 191-195 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1924. Helminthophis. Proc. New England zool. Club 9: 25-30
  • ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. Herpetofauna de um remanescente de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): 47-62 - get paper here
  • BARBO, F. E.; MARQUES, O. A. V. & SAWAYA, R. J. 2011. Diversity, Natural History and Distribution of Snakes in the Municipality of São Paulo. South American J. Herp. 6: 135-160
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  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Carreira Vidal, Santiago 2002. Alimentación de los ofidios de Uruguay. Asoc. Herp. Esp., Monograf. Herp. 6, 127 pp. - get paper here
  • Carreira, S.; Brazeiro, A.; Camargo, A.; da Rosa, I.; Canavero, A. & Maneyro, M. 2012. DIVERSITY OF REPTILES OF URUGUAY: KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION GAPS. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2a época) 21 (1-2): 9-29 - get paper here
  • Centeno, Fernanda C., Ricardo J. Sawaya and Valdir J. Germano. 2010. A new species of Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) from the Atlantic Coastal Forest in southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 66 (1): 86-91 - get paper here
  • Couto, R. M. P., Miguel, M. C., Branco, A. C., & dos Santos, P. S. 2024. Reptiles and amphibians from the fragments of seasonal Atlantic Forest in northern Paraná, Brazil. Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo, 16(4), e3962-e3962 - get paper here
  • Dixon J R; Kofron C P 1984. The Central and South American anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops. Amphibia-Reptilia 4 (2-4): 241-264 [1983] - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M, Francisco L Franco, Claudia Koch, Arthur Tiutenko, Juliana M Wingert, and Márcio Borges-Martins. 2023. More than Meets No Eyes: Taxonomic Status of a Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) Blindsnake from the Atlantic Rainforest. Zoologischer Anzeiger 303: 10–25 - get paper here
  • Fiorillo, B. F., Maciel, J. H., & Martins, M. 2021. Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil. ZooKeys 1056: 95-147 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Daniel O. Mesquita, Cristiano C. Nogueira, and Alexandre F. B. Araújo 2008. Phylogeny and Ecology Determine Morphological Structure in a Snake Assemblage in the Central Brazilian Cerrado. Copeia 2008 (1): 23-38 - get paper here
  • FREIRE, E.M.X.; U. CARAMASCHI & A.J.S. ARGOLO 2007. A new species of Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1393: 19-26 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Guarino R. Colli, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto, Luiz Trinchão, Daniel Araújo, Tiago de Oliveira Lima, Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França, Renato Gaiga, Pedro Dias 2016. Snakes of Cerrado localities in western Bahia, Brazil. Check List 12 (3): 1896 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Guedes, Thaís B.; Ricardo J. Sawaya, Alexander Zizka, Shawn Laffan, Søren Faurby, R. Alexander Pyron, Renato S. Bérnils, Martin Jansen, Paulo Passos, Ana L. C. Prudente, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Henrique B. Braz, Cristiano de C. Nogueira, Alexandre 2017. Patterns, biases and prospects in the distribution and diversity of Neotropical snakes. Global Ecol Biogeogr 00:1–8 - get paper here
  • Hudson, A A; Honório, N R & Sousa, B M; 2019. Liotyphlops ternetzii (Ternetz’s Blind Snake) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 161 - get paper here
  • Kretzschmar, Sonia 1998. Geographic Distribution. Liotyphlops ternetzii. Herpetological Review 29 (2): 114 - get paper here
  • Loebmann, D. 2009. Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepididae, Liotyphlops cf. ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896): first family record for the state of Ceará, Brazil. Check List 5 (2): 249–250 - get paper here
  • Marques-Tozetti, Alexandro; Sergio Augusto Abrahão Morato, Renato Silveira Bérnils, Daniel Loebmann, Luís Felipe Toledo, Russell Gray, Omar M. Entiauspe-Neto 2021. Evolutionary dynamics shape two passive defensive mechanisms in Neotropical snake radiations. Phyllomedusa 20(1): 3-13 - get paper here
  • Marra Santos FJ 2023. A new species of the genus Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Anomalepididae) from Colombia and the synonymization of Liotyphlops beui (Amaral, 1924) with Liotyphlops ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896). ZooKeys 1146: 87–114 - get paper here
  • Marra-Santos, Fidélis Júnio and Roberto E. Reis 2018. Two New Blind Snake Species of the Genus Liotyphlops (Serpentes: Anomalepididae), from Central and South Brazil. Copeia 106 (3): 507-514 - get paper here
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  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
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  • Vicente-Ferreira, G. S., do Nascimento, E. F., Batista, C. S., Kardush, T. A., Reyes, K. L., & Garey, M. V. 2024. Amphibians and reptiles of the Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista–Itaipu Dam, state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 24, e20231526 - get paper here
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